{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T09:45:52Z","timestamp":1785491152364,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mature cataracts can be a life-threatening condition in fish as it may result in anorexia. Lens extraction has been previously described in fish, but the long-term outcome of this procedure has not been evaluated. Eleven captive-bred adult fish housed in a public aquarium presented with unilateral (n = 3\/11) or bilateral (n = 8\/11) mature cataracts. All cases belonged to three endangered fish populations: striped bass (Morone saxatilis) originating from the Saint Lawrence River and Atlantic and spotted wolffish (Anarhichas lupus and Anarhichas minor). Pre-operatively, fish presented with anorexia, dark discoloration, abnormal position in the water column, skin abrasions, and\/or decreased body condition scores. A lensectomy was performed in eleven fish, including a bilateral procedure in four fish, corresponding to fifteen eyes. Follow-up examinations were performed one to two weeks and one year post surgery. The main complication was self-resolving: corneal edema was present in 67% of eyes, persistent after a week in 47% of eyes, and resolved thereafter. Post-operatively, 73% of fish resumed feeding and regained a good body condition score. Persistent visual impairment post-surgery associated with anorexia required euthanasia in three out of eleven cases. The median time of death was 336 days post surgery (range: 27\u20131439 days) and three cases were still alive 1334 to 1425 days after the lensectomy. This was considered a favorable outcome for these older individuals with concurrent diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10100611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T04:56:43Z","timestamp":1696827403000},"page":"611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Post-Operative Follow-Up of an Endangered Saltwater Fish Lensectomy for Cataract Management in a Public Aquarium: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Pujol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Sciences Cliniques, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1224-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Lamglait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois sur la Sant\u00e9 des Animaux Sauvages, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9430-3680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Vanore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Sciences Cliniques, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquarium du Qu\u00e9bec, 1675 Avenue des H\u00f4tels, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1W 4S3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Vergneau-Grosset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Sciences Cliniques, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1094-9194(02)00006-3","article-title":"Ophthalmic disease of fish","volume":"5","author":"Jurk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12346","article-title":"Phacoemulsification and aspiration for cataract management in a dollar sunfish, Lepomis marginatus (Holbrook)\u2014A case report","volume":"38","author":"Adamovicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8030(91)90025-F","article-title":"Disorders of the eye in finfish","volume":"1","author":"Hargis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12664","article-title":"An epidemiological study of cataracts in wild and farmed lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) and the relation to nutrition","volume":"40","author":"Jonassen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Blaxter, J. (1980). Vision and the Feeding of Fishes, ICLARM. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12093","article-title":"Vision and photoentrainment in fishes: The effects of natural and anthropogenic perturbation","volume":"10","author":"Collin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integr. Zool."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Vergneau-Grosset, C., and Weber III, E.S. (2021). Surgery of Exotic Animals, Wiley-Blackwell. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2021, June 22). Recovery Strategy for the Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis), St. Lawrence Estuary Population, Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Available online: https:\/\/www.sararegistry.gc.ca\/virtual_sara\/files\/plans\/rs_bar_raye_striped_bass_st.la_1011_eng.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2021, June 22). Arr\u00eat\u00e9 Visant L\u2019habitat Essentiel du Loup Tachet\u00e9 (Anarhichas minor) [Critical Habitat of the Spotted Wolffish (Anarhichas minor) Order]. Available online: https:\/\/laws.justice.gc.ca\/fra\/reglements\/DORS-2020-186\/page-1.html."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03477","article-title":"High occurrence rate of xanthomatosis and nephrocalcinosis in aquarium-housed Atlantic wolffish Anarhichas lupus and spotted wolffish A. minor","volume":"139","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2023, June 26). COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Spotted Wolffish Anarhichas minor in Canada. Available online: https:\/\/www.sararegistry.gc.ca\/virtual_sara\/files\/cosewic\/sr_spotted_wolffish_0501_e.pdf."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(2023, June 26). COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Atlantic Wolffish Anarhichas lupus in Canada. Available online: https:\/\/www.sararegistry.gc.ca\/virtual_sara\/files\/cosewic\/sr_atlantic_wolffish_1100_e.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"221","article-title":"Behavioral and clinical pathology changes in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) subjected to anesthesia and surgery with and without intra-operative analgesics","volume":"55","author":"Harms","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comp. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2021.08.001","article-title":"Fish sedation and anesthesia","volume":"25","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0130","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicology study of robenacoxib in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"52","author":"Raulic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildl. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0146","article-title":"Intraocular pressure in clinically normal brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) by means of rebound tonometry","volume":"50","author":"Keeney","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildl. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2022, October 20). Morone saxatilis\u2014Striped Bass. Available online: https:\/\/www.fishbase.se\/summary\/353."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Pujol, J., Jalenques, M., Lair, S., Judith, F., and Vergneau-Grosset, C. Occurrence of germ cell neoplasia in male striped bass (Morone saxatilis) under human care in a public aquarium: Surgical treatment and outcome, in press."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2015.03.002","article-title":"Effects of acute cooling on fish electroretinogram: A comparative study","volume":"184","author":"Gacic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12539","article-title":"Ocular anatomy of the black pacu (Colossoma macropomum): Gross, histologic, and diagnostic imaging","volume":"21","author":"Gustavsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"193","article-title":"Studies on the visual accommodation in fishes","volume":"20","author":"Somiya","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Ichthyol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Douglas, R., and Djamgoz, M. (1990). The Visual System of Fish, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-0411-8"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2006.7.3.281","article-title":"Phacoemulsification and acryl foldable intraocular lens implantation in dogs: 32 cases","volume":"7","author":"Yi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.211.05.603","article-title":"Orbital exenteration and placement of a prosthesis in fish","volume":"211","author":"Nadelstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Veter Med Assoc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12168","article-title":"Visual outcomes of phacoemulsification cataract surgery in horses: 1990\u20132013","volume":"17","author":"Brooks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32831a98aa","article-title":"Update on veterinary cataract surgery","volume":"20","author":"Wilkie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.01.105","article-title":"Ocular hypertension following cataract surgery in dogs: 139 cases (1992\u20131993)","volume":"209","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.151.11.324","article-title":"Evaluation of the tissue reactions in the skin and body wall of koi (Cyprinus carpio) to five suture materials","volume":"151","author":"Hurty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00853.x","article-title":"Postoperative complications and visual outcomes of phacoemulsification in 103 dogs (179 eyes): 2006\u20132008","volume":"14","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.1.74","article-title":"Long-term complications after phacoemulsification for cataract removal in dogs: 172 cases (1995\u20132002)","volume":"228","author":"Sigle","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(03)00083-3","article-title":"Pseudophakic retinal detachment","volume":"48","author":"Lois","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.01.007","article-title":"Histopathological characterisation of retinal lesions associated to Diplostomum species (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) infection in polymorphic Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus","volume":"7","author":"Padros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12230","article-title":"A Retrospective study on the association between vitreous degeneration and cataract in dogs","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"212","article-title":"Curare, an aid in the surgery of cataract","volume":"52","author":"Bharksuwana","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2003.00297.x","article-title":"A study of the morphology of canine eyes enucleated or eviscerated due to complications following phacoemulsification","volume":"6","author":"Moore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200101010-00010","article-title":"Visual deficiency and scoliosis","volume":"26","author":"Catanzariti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Vergneau-Grosset, C. Personal comunication."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.63.11.768","article-title":"Lysophosphatidyl choline in the aqueous humor during ocular inflammation","volume":"63","author":"Secchi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/10\/10\/611\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:02:53Z","timestamp":1760130173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/10\/10\/611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci10100611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci10100611","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]}}}