{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:16:01Z","timestamp":1787030161525,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Milan, \u201cPOR FERS 2014-2020 (FOODTECH)\u201d","award":["RL_DG-UNI17LROSS_01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RL_DG-UNI17LROSS_01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nutrition and health during pre-weaning affect the calves\u2019 future fertility, calving age, production, and carrier length. Calves are highly susceptible to neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), which can be fatal. NCD is due to hypovolemia and acidosis, which may involve anorexia and ataxia. The One Health principle calls for a drastic reduction in antimicrobial use. One approach is to improve animal health and reduce the use of antibiotics and functional ingredients that have beneficial effects due to bioactive compounds. Several functional ingredients and additives can be considered, and, in particular for this study, Ascophyllum nodosum was considered. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of A. nodosum as a functional ingredient implemented into the milk replacer in neonatal calves. Twelve pre-weaned Holstein Frisian calves, housed in twelve individual pens in the same environmental conditions, were divided into two groups of six animals: a control group (CTRL, n = 6) fed with a milk replacer, and a treatment group receiving milk enriched with 10 g of A. nodosum in their diet (TRT, n = 6) for 42 days. The fecal score was evaluated daily (3\u20130 scale) to monitor the incidence of diarrhea in the two groups. The body weight was evaluated weekly, and every two weeks feces were collected for microbiological evaluation using a selective medium for plate counting of total, lactic acid, and coliform bacteria. To verify the presence of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia coli, real-time qPCR was used. At the beginning and at the end of the trial, blood samples were obtained for serum metabolite analysis. The growth performance did not differ in either of the two groups, but significant differences were observed in the incidence of moderate diarrhea (p-value &lt; 0.0113), where the TRT group showed a lower incidence of cases during the 42-day period. Serum analysis highlighted higher contents of albumin, calcium, phosphorus, and total cholesterol in the TRT group compared to CTRL (p-value &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, implementation of A. nodosum in the diet of calves can lead to better animal welfare and may reduce the use of antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10100618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T10:04:39Z","timestamp":1697191479000},"page":"618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Effects of Milk Replacer Supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum as a Novel Ingredient to Prevent Neonatal Diarrhea in Dairy Calves and Improve Their Health Status"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4225-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Scaglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics\u2014DICATAM, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2136-1177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Reggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences\u2014DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Canala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences\u2014DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8810-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Frazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences\u2014DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2171-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Dell\u2019Anno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences\u2014DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3427-9831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Hejna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrz\u0119biec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1178-4683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences\u2014DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20545","article-title":"Feeding rumen-protected lysine to dairy cows prepartum improves performance and health of their calves","volume":"105","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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