{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:21:44Z","timestamp":1768483304700,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: dental pathologies are the most frequent reason for requesting a CT scan of the head in rabbits and guinea pigs. The study aimed to review head CT exams of both species to identify and characterize lesions secondary to dental disease. (2) Methods: head CT studies of 48 rabbits and 52 guinea pigs with dental pathologies were reviewed. (3) Results: dental abnormalities of mandibular teeth were the most represented, both in rabbits (81.2%) and guinea pigs (98%). The aggressive bone lesion associated with teeth was the more frequently observed bone lesion in rabbits\u2019 mandible and maxilla; in guinea pigs, the more frequent bone lesions were bulging around the roots of the teeth with focal lysis in the maxilla, and without focal lysis in the mandible. In the maxilla, the increased attenuation of nasal cavities (rhinitis) was the most frequently observed abnormality both in rabbits (60%) and guinea pigs (83.3%); the exophthalmos was more represented in rabbits (53.3%). In the mandible, the cavernous space-occupying lesion was more represented both in rabbits (92.3%) and guinea pigs (73.3%). (4) Conclusions: lesions secondary to dental pathologies were often observed both in rabbits and guinea pigs; CT examination has proven to be valuable in detecting secondary alterations in both species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10120705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T08:12:57Z","timestamp":1702627977000},"page":"705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Computed Tomographic Findings Secondary to Dental Pathologies: Comparison between Rabbits and Guinea Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Petrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5313-0621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Puccinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8211-9248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simonetta","family":"Citi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Del Chicca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1622802","article-title":"Objective interpretation of dental disease in rabbits, guinea pigs and chinchillas Use of anatomical reference lines","volume":"37","author":"Boehmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tiera\u00c3\u00e0rztliche Prax. Ausg. K Kleintiere\/Heimtiere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palma-Medel, T., Marcone, D., and Alegr\u00eda-Mor\u00e1n, R. (2023). Dental Disease in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Its Risk Factors-A Private Practice Study in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040676"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bohmer, C., and Bohmer, E. (2017). Shape Variation in the Craniomandibular System and Prevalence of Dental Problems in Domestic Rabbits: A Case Study in Evolutionary Veterinary Science. Vet. Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci4010005"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103053","article-title":"Diseases in pet guinea pigs: A retrospective study in 1000 animals","volume":"177","author":"Minarikova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.162.14.442","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative assessments of intraoral lesions in 180 small herbivorous mammals","volume":"162","author":"Jekl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bohmer, E. (2015). Dentistry in Rabbits and Rodents, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118802557"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2016.00093","article-title":"Clinical Application of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 1\u2014Normal Dentition","volume":"3","author":"Riggs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00005","article-title":"Clinical Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 2-Dental Disease","volume":"4","author":"Riggs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2019.0073","article-title":"Volumetric analysis of the cranial and nasal cavity from micro-computed tomography scans in the rabbit","volume":"79","author":"Akgun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Folia. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2016.05.001","article-title":"Diagnostic Imaging of Dental Disease in Pet Rabbits and Rodents","volume":"19","author":"Capello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101469","article-title":"The role of computed tomography in the assessment of dental disease in 66 guinea pigs","volume":"175","author":"Schweda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2008.03.006","article-title":"Application of computed tomography for diagnosis of dental disease in the rabbit, guinea pig, and chinchilla","volume":"17","author":"Capello","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exot. Pet. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.257.3.313","article-title":"Computed tomographic findings of dental disease in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 100 cases (2009\u20132017)","volume":"257","author":"Artiles","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2007.06.003","article-title":"The Progressive Syndrome of Acquired Dental Disease in Rabbits","volume":"16","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exot. Pet Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2006.05.022","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of a retrobulbar abscess of periapical origin in a domestic rabbit","volume":"9","author":"Ward","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2016.04.006","article-title":"Anatomy and Disorders of the Oral Cavity of Guinea Pigs","volume":"19","author":"Legendre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girard, N. (2023). Surgical Treatment of Facial Abscesses and Jaw Osteomyelitis of Dental Origin Using Extraoral Tooth Extraction in the Domestic Rabbit: A Case Series. J. Vet. Dent., 8987564231168985.","DOI":"10.1177\/08987564231168985"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2016.04.010","article-title":"Surgical Treatment of Facial Abscesses and Facial Surgery in Pet Rabbits","volume":"19","author":"Capello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.12.1444","article-title":"Long-term outcome of treatment of dental abscesses with a wound-packing technique in pet rabbits: 13 cases (1998\u20132007)","volume":"237","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2016.04.004","article-title":"Anatomy, Physiology and Non-dental Disorders of the Mouth of Pet Rabbits","volume":"19","author":"Donnelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Chicca, F., Puccinelli, C., Petrini, D., and Citi, S. (2023). Incidental Findings in Computed Tomography Examination of the Head in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs. Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10080504"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Cappello, V. (2005). Rabbit and Rodent Dentistry, Zoological Education Network, Inc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2008.03.008","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Disease in Pet Rabbits","volume":"17","author":"Lennox","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exot. Pet Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/089875641102800304","article-title":"Comparison of radiography and CT to identify changes in the skulls of four rabbits with dental disease","volume":"28","author":"Hermans","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2021.01.006","article-title":"Respiratory Disorders in Rabbits","volume":"24","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"60283","article-title":"Nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to periodontal disease in domestic rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus\u2014Case report","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz. J. Dev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1903","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.1903","article-title":"Retrospective study identifying risk factors for dacryocystitis in pet rabbits","volume":"191","author":"Hedley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2009.00727.x","article-title":"Clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of dacryocystitis in rabbits: A retrospective study of 28 cases (2003\u20132007)","volume":"12","author":"Florin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"523","article-title":"Ophthalmologic Diseases in Small Pet Mammals","volume":"37","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ferrets Rabbit. Rodents"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-3862.2010.00015.x","article-title":"Dacryocystitis in rabbits","volume":"16","author":"Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Companion Anim."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/10\/12\/705\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:38:49Z","timestamp":1760132329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/10\/12\/705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci10120705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci10120705","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]}}}