{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:36:03Z","timestamp":1773812163621,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is growing evidence by the literature that the unbalance between androgens and estrogens is a relevant condition associated with a common canine reproductive disorder known as cryptorchidism. The role of estrogens in regulating testicular cell function and reproductive events is supposedly due to the wide expression of two nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), ER-alpha and ER-beta and a trans-membrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the testis. In this study, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to assess the distribution and expression of GPER in the testis\u2013epididymal complex in the normal and cryptorchid dog. ER-alpha and ER-beta were also evaluated to better characterize the relative abundances of all three receptors. In addition, in these tissues, the expression level of two proteins as SOD1 and Nrf2 normally associated with oxidative stress was investigated to evaluate a possible relationship with ERs. Our data revealed changes in the distribution and expression of the GPER between the normal and cryptorchid dog. In particular, dogs affected by cryptorchidism showed an upregulation of GPER at level of the examined reproductive tract. Also considering the obtained result of a modulation of SOD1 and Nrf2 expression, we could hypothesize the involvement of GPER in the cryptorchid condition. Further studies are, however, necessary to characterize the role of GPER and its specific signaling mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11010021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T03:43:00Z","timestamp":1704426180000},"page":"21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) and ERs Are Modulated in the Testis\u2013Epididymal Complex in the Normal and Cryptorchid Dog"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Liguori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Prevention, ASL FG, Piazza Pavoncelli 11, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Tafuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pelagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Ali\u2019","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1219-8603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Mirabella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0482-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Squillacioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(91)50059-0","article-title":"Canine cryptorchidism","volume":"21","author":"Romagnoli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. 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