{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:07:28Z","timestamp":1784308048024,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, North Dakota State Board of Agricultural Research and Extension (SBARE)"},{"name":"the SBARE Graduate Research Assistantship program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of vitamins and minerals supplementation (VTM) and\/or two rates of body weight gain (GAIN) on bovine placental vascular development and angiogenic factors gene expression were evaluated in two experiments: In Exp. 1, crossbred Angus heifers (n = 34) were assigned to VTM\/NoVTM treatments at least 71 days before breeding to allow changes in the mineral status. At breeding, through artificial insemination (AI), heifers were assigned to low-gain (LG) 0.28 kg\/d or moderate-gain (MG) 0.79 kg\/d treatments, resulting in NoVTM-LG (Control; n = 8), NoVTM-MG (n = 8), VTM-LG (n = 9), and VTM-MG (n = 9) until day 83 of gestation; In Exp. 2, crossbred angus heifers (n = 28), were assigned to control (CON; n = 12), receiving a basal total mixed ration (TMR) or TMR + VTM (VTM; n = 16) from breeding until parturition. Placentomes from Exp. 1 and cotyledons (COT) from Exp. 2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for COT vascular density area. COTs from Exp. 1 were evaluated for angiogenic factor (ANGPT-1, ANGPT-2, eNOS2, eNOS3, FLT1, KDR, TEK, VEGFA) gene expression. In Exp. 1, COT vascularity was not affected by the interaction of VTM and GAIN (p = 0.67) or the main effects of VTM (p = 0.50) and GAIN (p = 0.55). Likewise, angiogenic factors were not differentially expressed between treatments (p &lt; 0.05). In Exp. 2, COT vascularity was greater in VTM vs. CON (p = 0.07). In conclusion, there is a suggested later-stage influence of vitamin and mineral supplementation on placental vascularity, emphasizing the importance of supplementation beyond early pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11030111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T04:36:21Z","timestamp":1709526981000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Influence of Maternal Supplementation with Vitamins, Minerals, and (or) Protein\/Energy on Placental Development and Angiogenic Factors in Beef Heifers during Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bethania J.","family":"D\u00e1vila Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4556-4315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl R.","family":"Dahlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-3891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacie L.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Caton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Hurlbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Baumgaertner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Clara","family":"B. Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1082-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wellison J. S.","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Underdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3759-3861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin K.","family":"Sedivec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerri A.","family":"Bochantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5436-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel P.","family":"Borowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4190-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Canovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology of Reproduction Group, Physiology Department, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6838-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence P.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ramsey, E.M. 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