{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:27:24Z","timestamp":1790735244919,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orexins A (OXA) and B (OXB) and their specific receptors, receptor 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R) for orexins, are hypothalamic peptides involved in orchestrating several functions in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, including sleep, excitement, nutrition, reward, circadian rhythm, anxiety, cognition, and reproduction. The aim of this narrative review is, in particular, to speculate the role of orexins in the male genital tract of animal species and human beings. The experimental evidence collected in recent years assumed that in the testes of the animal species here described, orexins are directly involved in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis regulation. In the epididymis, these peptides are locally synthesized, thus suggesting their role governing the fertilizing capability of the immature male gamete. In addition to playing a physiological role, orexins are involved in numerous inflammatory and\/or neoplastic pathologies too. The expression of the orexinergic system in prostate cancer suggests that they might play a potential therapeutic function. Overall, the future directions of this literature review allow us to hypothesize a role of the orexinergic complex not only as a marker for the diagnosis of certain tumors affecting the male genital tract but also for the treatment of hypo\/infertility condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11030131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T09:32:30Z","timestamp":1710495150000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Comparative Analysis of Orexins in the Physio-Pathological Processes of the Male Genital Tract: New Challenges? A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Costagliola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5670-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Montano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit of the \u201cSan Francesco d\u2019Assisi\u201d Hospital\u2014ASL Salerno, EcoFoodFertility Project Coordination Unit, Oliveto Citra, 84020 Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Langella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7759-2141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Local Health Authority, ASL Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0482-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Squillacioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Mirabella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3031-345X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Local Health Authority, ASL Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Takei, Y., Ando, H., and Tsutsui, K. 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