{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:47:49Z","timestamp":1784202469267,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Anhui Province","award":["202103b06020023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202103b06020023"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Anhui Province","award":["2023z04020003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023z04020003"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Anhui Province","award":["LQRJK2021-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQRJK2021-02"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Major Basic Research Program","award":["202103b06020023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202103b06020023"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Major Basic Research Program","award":["2023z04020003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023z04020003"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Major Basic Research Program","award":["LQRJK2021-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQRJK2021-02"]}]},{"name":"the Linquan County Special Jinke Project, Application and Demonstration of High Quality Sheep Breeding Technology","award":["202103b06020023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202103b06020023"]}]},{"name":"the Linquan County Special Jinke Project, Application and Demonstration of High Quality Sheep Breeding Technology","award":["2023z04020003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023z04020003"]}]},{"name":"the Linquan County Special Jinke Project, Application and Demonstration of High Quality Sheep Breeding Technology","award":["LQRJK2021-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQRJK2021-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) play key roles in regulating testosterone secretion and spermatogenesis in male mammals, respectively, and they maintain the fertility of male animals by binding to their corresponding receptors. We designed and prepared a recombinant LH receptor (LHR) subunit vaccine and a recombinant FSH receptor (FSHR) subunit vaccine and used male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats as a model to examine their effects on testicular development, spermatogenesis, and testosterone secretion in prepubertal and pubertal mammals. Both vaccines (LHR-DTT and FSHR-DTT) significantly decreased the serum testosterone level in prepubertal rats (p &lt; 0.05) but had no effect on the testosterone secretion in pubertal rats; both vaccines decreased the number of cell layers in the seminiferous tubules and reduced spermatogenesis in prepubertal and pubertal rats. Subunit vaccine FSHR-DTT decreased the sperm density in the epididymis in both prepubertal and pubertal rats (p &lt; 0.01) and lowered testicular index and sperm motility in pubertal rats (p &lt; 0.05), whereas LHR-DTT only reduced the sperm density in the epididymis in pubertal rats (p &lt; 0.05). These results indicate that the FSHR subunit vaccine may be a promising approach for immunocastration, but it still needs improvements in effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11040176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T03:56:13Z","timestamp":1713153373000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of Vaccination against Recombinant FSH or LH Receptor Subunits on Gonadal Development and Functioning Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanzhen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bochao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengdi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiankun","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqiuhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuke","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fugui","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provinciale Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"},{"name":"Linquan County Modern Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Extension Service Center, Fuyang 236000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provinciale Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"},{"name":"Linquan County Modern Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Extension Service Center, Fuyang 236000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provinciale Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"},{"name":"Linquan County Modern Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Extension Service Center, Fuyang 236000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provinciale Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"},{"name":"Linquan County Modern Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Extension Service Center, Fuyang 236000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-022-03348-8","article-title":"New trends in immunocastration and its potential to improve animal welfare: A mini 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