{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:40:03Z","timestamp":1787240403764,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1 and Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES) Brasil","award":["PROPESP\/UFPA\u2014Announcement\u201402\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROPESP\/UFPA\u2014Announcement\u201402\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Pesquisa e P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["PROPESP\/UFPA\u2014Announcement\u201402\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROPESP\/UFPA\u2014Announcement\u201402\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal comfort of Nelore cattle (Bos indicus) managed in silvopastoral and traditional systems associated with rumination behavior in a humid tropical environment in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The study was carried out on a rural property in Moju\u00ed dos Campos, Par\u00e1, Brazil, during the transition period of the year, from June to July 2023. Over these two months, six consecutive data collection days were held. We selected 20 clinically healthy non-castrated male Nelore cattle, aged between 18 and 20 months, with an average weight of 250 kg and body condition score of 3.5 (1\u20135). These animals were randomly divided into two groups: traditional system (TS) and silvopastoral system (SS). The physiological variables evaluated included RR, RT and BST. The variables were analyzed using the linear mixed model. For agrometeorological variables, higher values were observed between 10:00 a.m. (33 \u00b0C) and 6:00 p.m. (30 \u00b0C), with the highest temperature observed at 4:00 p.m. (40 \u00b0C). The RR showed interactions (p = 0.0214) between systems and times; in general, higher RR were obtained in the Traditional. The animals\u2019 RT showed no significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) between the production systems, but there was a statistically significant difference in relation to the time of collection (p &lt; 0.0001). In the BGHI, it was possible to observe that there was mild stress in the period from 22:00 at night to 6:00 in the morning and moderate stress in the period of greatest increase in temperature, from 10:00 in the morning to 18:00 at night. BST showed no statistical difference between the regions studied or between the SP (35.6 \u00b0C) and TS (36.25 \u00b0C) systems. RT in the TS showed a positive correlation with AT (r = 0.31507; p = 0.0477). RT in the SP showed a positive correlation with THI (r = 35583; p = 0.0242). On the other hand, RT in the SP (r = 0.42873; p = 0.0058) and ST (r = 0.51015; p = 0.0008) showed a positive correlation with BGHI. RR in the TS showed a positive correlation with BGHI (r = 0.44908; p = 0.0037). The greatest amounts of rumination were carried out by animals in the SP system, generally ruminating lying down (p &lt; 0.05). With regard to rumination behavior in the morning and afternoon, there were higher numbers of WS and LD in the TS (p &gt; 0.05). Most of the time, the cattle were LD during the morning and afternoon shifts, and at night and dawn they were WS in the TS. Therefore, the SP offers more thermal comfort advantages compared to the TS system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11060236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T09:58:47Z","timestamp":1716458327000},"page":"236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Thermal Comfort of Nelore Cattle (Bos indicus) Managed in Silvopastoral and Traditional Systems Associated with Rumination in a Humid Tropical Environment in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Welligton Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6400-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamile Andr\u00e9a Rodrigues","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belem 66077-580, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3893-3781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucieta Guerreiro","family":"Martorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Santarem 68010-180, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2964-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9der Bruno Rebelo","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina Cardoso","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7940-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Eduardo Lima","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kedson Alessandri Lobo","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1 (UFOPA), Santarem 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2362-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0515-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiane Silva","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Gizela Souza","family":"de Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Vieira de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0322-1863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Joaquim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7874-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomaz Cyro Guimar\u00e3es de Carvalho","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary 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