{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:22:22Z","timestamp":1791915742886,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CajaCanarias Foundation and \u201cla Caixa\u201d Foundation","award":["FCC-FC-2019-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCC-FC-2019-03"]}]},{"name":"CajaCanarias Foundation and \u201cla Caixa\u201d Foundation","award":["PROID2020010047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROID2020010047"]}]},{"name":"CajaCanarias Foundation and \u201cla Caixa\u201d Foundation","award":["FPU20\/03693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU20\/03693"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007757","name":"Canary Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, and Work through the Canarian Agency for Research, Innovation, and Information Society (ACIISI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCC-FC-2019-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCC-FC-2019-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007757","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007757","name":"Canary Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, and Work through the Canarian Agency for Research, Innovation, and Information Society (ACIISI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROID2020010047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROID2020010047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007757","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007757","name":"Canary Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, and Work through the Canarian Agency for Research, Innovation, and Information Society (ACIISI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU20\/03693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU20\/03693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007757","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Universities, Spain","award":["FCC-FC-2019-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCC-FC-2019-03"]}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Universities, Spain","award":["PROID2020010047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROID2020010047"]}]},{"name":"The Ministry of Universities, Spain","award":["FPU20\/03693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU20\/03693"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic disease with economic impact on ruminant farming worldwide. The Canary Islands count with the fourth largest goat population in Spain and are \u201cofficially free\u201d of bovine tuberculosis. Twelve farms were included with 2774 serum samples tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of anti-MAP antibodies in two sessions. In the first session, an overall apparent prevalence of 18.4% (2.5% up to 61.1%) was obtained. Farms with prevalences (0\u201310%], (10\u201320%] and &gt;20% were identified, with differences in seroconversion in the same prevalence group between farms and age ranges. Non-vaccinated (nV) and vaccinated (V) animals were included in the second sampling session. Higher levels of antibodies were detected in V animals older than 12 months, with considerable variations between age ranges and farms. Our results describe the current PTB status of the Canary Islands\u2019 goat farming. Furthermore, new insights on the effect of the farm prevalence on seroconversion in V animals are provided, although further studies are needed to evaluate the multiple factors affecting the immune response to anti-MAP vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11090388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T12:38:43Z","timestamp":1724416723000},"page":"388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Caprine Paratuberculosis Seroprevalence and Immune Response to Anti-Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Vaccination on the Canary Islands, Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9486-3346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Plamenova","family":"Stefanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yania","family":"Paz-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2365-351X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Quesada-Canales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1276-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda del Pino","family":"Quintana-Montesdeoca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Mathematics, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Espinosa de los Monteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8721-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sof\u00eda","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Unit, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5281-0521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2411-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Andrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maxie, M.G. (2016). Chapter 1\u2014Alimentary System. Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer\u2019s Pathology of Domestic Animals: Volume 2, W.B. Saunders. [6th ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-5318-4.00007-3"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.07.012","article-title":"Diagnostic Pathology in Microbial Diseases of Sheep or Goats","volume":"181","author":"Benavides","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.07.019","article-title":"Paratuberculosis in Sheep and Goats","volume":"181","author":"Windsor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2022.105637","article-title":"Epidemiology of Paratuberculosis in Sheep and Goats in Southern Spain","volume":"202","author":"Risalde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev. Vet Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Idris, S.M., Eltom, K.H., Okuni, J.B., Ojok, L., Elmagzoub, W.A., El Wahed, A.A., Eltayeb, E., and Gameel, A.A. (2022). Paratuberculosis: The Hidden Killer of Small Ruminants. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233312"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105465","article-title":"Paratuberculosis in Dairy Goat Flocks from Southern Spain: Risk Factors Associated with Seroprevalence","volume":"185","author":"Luque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthews, J. (2016). Herd Health and Biosecurity. Diseases of the Goat, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119073543.ch23"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, M.C., and Sherman, D.M. (2009). Goat Medicine, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780813818825"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2024, June 21). Terrestrial Animal Health Code. WOAH. Available online: https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-code-online-access\/."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.04.007","article-title":"Histopathological Classification of Lesions Associated with Natural Paratuberculosis Infection in Cattle","volume":"133","author":"Geijo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-8518-9-8","article-title":"Paratuberculosis Control: A Review with a Focus on Vaccination","volume":"9","author":"Bastida","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immune Based Ther. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whittington, R., Donat, K., Weber, M.F., Kelton, D., Nielsen, S.S., Eisenberg, S., Arrigoni, N., Juste, R., S\u00e1ez, J.L., and Dhand, N. (2019). Control of Paratuberculosis: Who, Why and How. A Review of 48 Countries. BMC Vet Res., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1943-4"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"201","article-title":"Diagnosis of Bovine Paratuberculosis: A Review of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Diagnostic Tests","volume":"44","author":"Gilardoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Argent Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.146.7.195","article-title":"Control of Paratuberculosis (Johne\u2019s Disease) in Goats by Vaccination of Adult Animals","volume":"146","author":"Corpa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez, M., Royo, M., Fuertes, M., Arteche-Villasol, N., Ferreras, M.C., Benavides, J., and P\u00e9rez, V. (2022). Effects of Paratuberculosis Vaccination at Different Ages in a Dairy Goat Herd: A 2-Year Follow-Up. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12223135"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13732","article-title":"Influence of Vaccination against Paratuberculosis on the Diagnosis of Caprine Tuberculosis during Official Eradication Programmes in Castilla y Le\u00f3n (Spain)","volume":"68","author":"Espinosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koets, A., Ravesloot, L., Ruuls, R., Dinkla, A., Eisenberg, S., and Lievaart-Peterson, K. (2019). Effects of Age and Environment on Adaptive Immune Responses to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) Vaccination in Dairy Goats in Relation to Paratuberculosis Control Strategies. Vet. Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci6030062"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00332-1","article-title":"Differences in the Immune Responses in Lambs and Kids Vaccinated Against Paratuberculosis, According to the Age of Vaccination","volume":"77","author":"Corpa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8426","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-12918","article-title":"Short Communication: Passive Shedding of Mycobacterium avium Ssp. paratuberculosis in Commercial Dairy Goats in Brazil","volume":"100","author":"Schwarz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(2024, June 21). El Sector de Ovino y Caprino en Cifras, \u00a9 Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentaci\u00f3n, NIPO: 003-22-136-X. Available online: https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/agricultura\/estadisticas\/indicadoreseconomicosdelsectorovinoycaprinodeleche2023_nuevasactualizaciones_tcm30-109075.pdf."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2024, June 21). Resultados de las Encuestas de Ganado Ovino y Caprino, \u00a9 Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentaci\u00f3n, NIPO: 003-22-136-X. Available online: https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/estadistica\/temas\/estadisticas-agrarias\/ganaderia\/encuestas-ganaderas\/."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"de Juan Ferr\u00e9, L., Dom\u00ednguez Rodr\u00edguez, L., Su\u00e1rez Fern\u00e1ndez, G., and Mateos Garc\u00eda, A. (2005). Paratuberculosis Caprina: Aportaciones a Su Diagn\u00f3stico, Epidemilog\u00eda Molecular y Control, Universidad Complutense de Madrid."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2024, June 21). Censo Ganadero, ISTAC 2023. Available online: https:\/\/www3.gobiernodecanarias.org\/istac\/statistical-visualizer\/visualizer\/data.html?resourceType=indicator&resourceId=GANADO_CAPRINO&measure=ABSOLUTE&geo=ES70#visualization\/table."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2024, June 21). Decreto 51\/2018 del 23 de Abril. Available online: https:\/\/www.gobiernodecanarias.org\/boc\/2018\/084\/001.html."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefanova, E.P., Sierra, E., Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Quesada-Canales, O., Paz-S\u00e1nchez, Y., Colom-Rivero, A., Espinosa de los Monteros, A., Herr\u00e1ez, P., Dom\u00ednguez, L., and Bezos, J. (2024). Detection of Caprine Paratuberculosis (Johne\u2019s Disease) in Pre- and Post-Vaccinated Herds: Morphological Diagnosis, Lesion Grading, and Bacterial Identification. Front. Vet Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1395928"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefanova, E.P., Quesada-Canales, \u00d3., Paz-S\u00e1nchez, Y., Caballero, M.J., Quintana-Montesdeoca, M.D.P., Espinosa de los Monteros, A., Rivero, M.A., Castro, A., P\u00e9rez, V., and Andrada, M. (2023). Morphological Assessment of Concomitant Lesions Detected in Goat Herds Naturally Infected with Paratuberculosis (Johne\u2019s Disease). Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101693"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2024, June 21). Informe Semestral Para La Notificaci\u00f3n de Las Enfermedades, Infecciones e Infestaciones de La Lista de La OIE, Segundo trimestre-2022. Organizaci\u00f3n mundial de sanidad animal (OIE) \u00a9 2023 OIE via Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentaci\u00f3n, Available online: https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/ganaderia\/temas\/sanidad-animal-higiene-ganadera\/smr_160123_terrestrial_14042023_espana_tcm30-619669.pdf."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-009-0322-z","article-title":"Prevalence of Antibodies against Selected Agents Shared between Cantabrian Chamois (Rupicapra Pyrenaica Parva) and Domestic Goats","volume":"56","author":"Falconi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wildl. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whittington, R.J., Begg, D.J., de Silva, K., Purdie, A.C., Dhand, N.K., and Plain, K.M. (2017). Case Definition Terminology for Paratuberculosis (Johne\u2019s Disease). BMC Vet. Res., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1254-6"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaffuri, A., Barsi, F., Magni, E., Bergagna, S., Dellamaria, D., Ricchi, M., De Paolis, L., Galletti, G., Arrigoni, N., and Lorenzi, V. (2023). Paratuberculosis, Animal Welfare and Biosecurity: A Survey in 33 Northern Italy Dairy Goat Farms. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13142346"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2001.tb11980.x","article-title":"Progress towards Understanding the Spread, Detection and Control of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in Animal Populations","volume":"79","author":"Whittington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2014.09.007","article-title":"Vaccination of Kids under One Month of Age with a Killed Vaccine and Reduction in the Frequency of Faecal Shedding of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis","volume":"121","author":"Mercier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaubey, K.K., Gangwar, N., Pawaiya, R.S., Jatav, G.P., Sohal, J.S., Singh, S.V., Singh, M., Gupta, S., Kumaresan, G., and Kumar, N. (2019). Evaluation of Newly Developed \u2018Six Recombinant Secretary Proteins Based \u201cCocktail ELISA\u201d and \u201cWhole Cell Lysate\u201d Based \u201cIndigenous ELISA\u201d and Tissue Microscopy\u2019 with \u2018Gold Standard\u2019 Histo-Pathology for the Diagnosis of Johne\u2019s Disease in Slaughtered Goats. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 66.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.101338"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.12.011","article-title":"Ante Mortem Diagnosis of Paratuberculosis: A Review of Accuracies of ELISA, Interferon-\u03b3 Assay and Faecal Culture Techniques","volume":"129","author":"Nielsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agull\u00f3-Ros, I., Andrada, M., P\u00e9rez-Sancho, M., Roy, \u00c1., Bezos, J., Bonnet, T., Moreno, I., Paz-S\u00e1nchez, Y., Dom\u00ednguez, M., and G\u00f3mez-Villamandos, J.C. (2022). Effect of Heat-Inactivated Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) Vaccine on the Lesions and Immunopathology Developed in Target Tissues of Naturally MAP-Infected Goats. Vet. Microbiol., 273.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2022.109543"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.10.020","article-title":"Control of Paratuberculosis in Sheep and Goats","volume":"27","author":"Juste","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00006-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the Long-term Immune Response in Cattle After Vaccination Against Paratuberculosis in Two Dutch Dairy Herds","volume":"86","author":"Muskens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/11\/9\/388\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:42:05Z","timestamp":1760110925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/11\/9\/388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci11090388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci11090388","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]}}}