{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T14:09:48Z","timestamp":1776866988479,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32072829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072829"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U22A20518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20518"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22ZR1475800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZR1475800"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32072829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072829"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U22A20518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20518"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22ZR1475800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZR1475800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the impact of the solid-state fermentation products of Lactobacillus plantarum, Candida utilis, and Bacillus coagulans (LCBs) on the growth characteristics, immune function, intestinal morphology, cecum microbial community, and prevention of avian colibacillosis in broilers. One hundred and twenty Hyland Brown broilers (aged one day) were divided randomly into three groups (four replicates of ten broilers per group). (1) The CON group was fed a basal diet. (2) The MOD group was fed a basal diet. On day 40, APEC strain SX02 (1.1 \u00d7 105 CFU\/g) was administered to the breasts of chickens in this group. (3) The LCBs group was fed a basal diet supplemented with fermentation products (98.5% basal diet + 0.5% Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis solid-state fermentation products + 1.0% Bacillus coagulans solid-state fermentation products). On day 40, the LCBs group received the same treatment as the MOD group. The experiment lasted 43 days. This study found that the average daily gain (ADG) of the LCBs group was significantly higher than that of the MOD group (p &lt; 0.05), indicating that LCBs can significantly increase the ADG of broilers and improve the feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, compared to the MOD group, the heart bacterial load was significantly reduced in the LCBs group (p &lt; 0.05), and the lesions less severe in the heart, liver, and jejunum were observed (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the detection of intestinal flora showed a significant increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the cecum of the LCBs group, while the number of Escherichia coli and Shigella decreased significantly. In conclusion, the solid fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum, Candida utilis, and Bacillus coagulans can improve the growth performance of broilers while also protecting against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection. This demonstrates the potential usefulness of these LCBs in feed production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11100468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T11:08:47Z","timestamp":1727780927000},"page":"468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Solid-State Fermentation Products of Lactobacillus plantarum, Candida utilis, and Bacillus coagulans on Growth Performance of Broilers and Prevention of Avian Colibacillosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiakun","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9617-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saqib","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5625-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8744","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1932722","article-title":"Bacteriocinogenic probiotics as an integrated alternative to antibiotics in chicken production\u2014Why and how?","volume":"62","author":"Lone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. 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