{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:47:05Z","timestamp":1785901625472,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32473075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473075"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["cstc2019jsccx-lyjsBX0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2019jsccx-lyjsBX0003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["cstc2021jscx-lyjsAX0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2021jscx-lyjsAX0008"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["KJQN202303511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202303511"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project","award":["32473075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473075"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project","award":["cstc2019jsccx-lyjsBX0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2019jsccx-lyjsBX0003"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project","award":["cstc2021jscx-lyjsAX0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2021jscx-lyjsAX0008"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project","award":["KJQN202303511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202303511"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission","award":["32473075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473075"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission","award":["cstc2019jsccx-lyjsBX0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2019jsccx-lyjsBX0003"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission","award":["cstc2021jscx-lyjsAX0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2021jscx-lyjsAX0008"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission","award":["KJQN202303511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202303511"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal (HILM) has been observed to enhance growth performance and immune function, yet the effects and mechanisms in geese remain less understood. Experiment I included 64 Sichuan White Geese to investigate the optimal additive amount of HILM in diet, and experiment II included 32 Sichuan White Geese to access serum immunoglobulin, spleen immune-related genes, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota at the optimal additive amount of HILM. The results showed that the addition of 1% HILM significantly increased the ADG of Sichuan White Geese (p &lt; 0.05), serum H5-R14 and H7-R4 strain titer at 33 d (p &lt; 0.01) and H5-R13 strain titer (p &lt; 0.05) at 40 d, which is the optimal dose of this trial. Experiment II revealed that the 1% HILM significantly increased serum IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3 and complement C3 (p &lt; 0.05) and the mRNA expressions of IL-6 (p &lt; 0.05) and CD4 (p &lt; 0.01) in the spleen. The intestinal morphology was improved, and the secretion of SIgA and mRNA expression of Occludin in the jejunum were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the abundance of Campilobacterota, Barnesiellaceae and Barnesiella was significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05), while the abundance of Lactobacillaceae was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05). This research provides new insights into the use of HILM in geese production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11120615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T10:52:30Z","timestamp":1733223150000},"page":"615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal Enhances Immune Response by Improving Serum Immunoglobulin, Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota of Sichuan White Geese After Avian Influenza Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yufei","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing 404155, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuxing","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingrui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chonghua","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Rongchang Vocational Education Center, Chongqing 402460, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4697-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liting","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-022-00589-6","article-title":"Food System By-Products Upcycled in Livestock and Aquaculture Feeds Can Increase Global Food Supply","volume":"3","author":"Chrysafi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/agec.12609","article-title":"Demand for Animal-Derived Food in Selected Asian Countries: A System-Wide Analysis","volume":"52","author":"Rathnayaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02722-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02722-17","article-title":"Microbial Community Dynamics during Rearing of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia Illucens) and Impact on Exploitation Potential","volume":"84","author":"Wynants","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasco, L., Biasato, I., Dabbou, S., Schiavone, A., and Gai, F. (2019). Animals Fed Insect-Based Diets: State-of-the-Art on Digestibility, Performance and Product Quality. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9040170"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, J., Han, T., and Kim, Y.Y. (2020). Mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor Larvae) as an Alternative Protein Source for Monogastric Animal: A Review. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112068"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selaledi, L., Hassan, Z., Manyelo, T.G., and Mabelebele, M. (2021). Insects\u2019 Production, Consumption, Policy, and Sustainability: What Have We Learned from the Indigenous Knowledge Systems?. Insects, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12050432"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liland, N.S., Biancarosa, I., Araujo, P., Biemans, D., Bruckner, C.G., Waagb\u00f8, R., Torstensen, B.E., and Lock, E.-J. (2017). Modulation of Nutrient Composition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae by Feeding Seaweed-Enriched Media. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183188"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3920\/JIFF2016.0055","article-title":"Nutritional Value of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) and Its Suitability as Animal Feed\u2014A Review","volume":"3","author":"Dicke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Insects Food Feed."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, M., Li, Z., Chen, W., Rong, T., Wang, G., and Ma, X. (2019). Hermetia Illucens Larvae as a Potential Dietary Protein Source Altered the Microbiota and Modulated Mucosal Immune Status in the Colon of Finishing Pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0358-1"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, X., Yuan, B., Liu, M., Zhu, M., Zhang, X., Xie, G., Wu, W., Wang, Z., Xu, H., and Lv, Y. (2021). Dietary Hermetia Illucens Larvae Replacement Alleviates Diarrhea and Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli K88. Front. Vet. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.746224"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartinger, K., Greinix, J., Thaler, N., Ebbing, M.A., Yacoubi, N., Schedle, K., and Gierus, M. (2021). Effect of Graded Substitution of Soybean Meal by Hermetia Illucens Larvae Meal on Animal Performance, Apparent Ileal Digestibility, Gut Histology and Microbial Metabolites of Broilers. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061628"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chernysh, S., Gordya, N., and Suborova, T. (2015). Insect Antimicrobial Peptide Complexes Prevent Resistance Development in Bacteria. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130788"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, J., Ge, C., and Yao, H. (2021). Antimicrobial Peptides from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) as Potential Antimicrobial Factors Representing an Alternative to Antibiotics in Livestock Farming. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11071937"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.08.012","article-title":"Gut Antimicrobial Effects and Nutritional Value of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens L.)Prepupae for Weaned Piglets","volume":"235","author":"Spranghers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/are.12867","article-title":"The Effect of Dietary Chitin on Growth and Nutrient Digestibility in Farmed Atlantic Cod, Atlantic Salmon and Atlantic Halibut","volume":"48","author":"Karlsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, M.F.Z., Ohta, T., Ido, A., Miura, C., and Miura, T. (2019). The Dipterose of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Induces Innate Immune Response through Toll-Like Receptor Pathway in Mouse Macrophage RAW264.7 Cells. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9110677"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2019.1565967","article-title":"The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Sichuan White Goose and Its Phylogenetic Analyses","volume":"4","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mitochondrial DNA Part B"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biasato, I., Ferrocino, I., Dabbou, S., Evangelista, R., Gai, F., Gasco, L., Cocolin, L., Capucchio, M.T., and Schiavone, A. (2020). Black Soldier Fly and Gut Health in Broiler Chickens: Insights into the Relationship between Cecal Microbiota and Intestinal Mucin Composition. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0413-y"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dabbou, S., Gai, F., Biasato, I., Capucchio, M.T., Biasibetti, E., Dezzutto, D., Meneguz, M., Plach\u00e0, I., Gasco, L., and Schiavone, A. (2018). Black Soldier Fly Defatted Meal as a Dietary Protein Source for Broiler Chickens: Effects on Growth Performance, Blood Traits, Gut Morphology and Histological Features. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0266-9"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103201","article-title":"Dietary Chinese Herbal Mixture Supplementation Improves Production Performance by Regulating Reproductive Hormones, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Health of Broiler Breeders","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.10.032","article-title":"Complete Replacement of Soybean Meal with Defatted Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal in Shaver White Hens Feeding Program (28\u201343 Wks of Age): Impact on Egg Production, Egg Quality, Organ Weight, and Apparent Retention of Components","volume":"99","author":"Mwaniki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.06.022","article-title":"Defatted Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) in Pikeperch (Sander Lucioperca) Diets: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fillet Quality, Economic and Environmental Sustainability","volume":"12","author":"Stejskal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585843","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.585843","article-title":"Evaluation of the low inclusion of full-fatted Hermetia illucens larvae meal for layer chickens: Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health","volume":"7","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735136","article-title":"Effects of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens L.) Larvae Meal on Growth Performance, Organs-Somatic Indices, Body Composition, and Hemato-Biochemical Variables of European Sea Bass, Dicentrarchus Labrax","volume":"522","author":"Khalil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, F., Lv, B., Zuo, J., Nawaz, S., Wang, Z., Lian, L., Yin, H., Chen, S., Han, X., and Wang, H. (2024). Effect of Solid-State Fermentation Products of Lactobacillus Plantarum, Candida Utilis, and Bacillus Coagulans on Growth Performance of Broilers and Prevention of Avian Colibacillosis. Vet. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11100468"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103337","article-title":"Dietary Supplementation with a Mixture of Dunaliella Salina and Spirulina Enhances Broiler Performance by Improving Growth, Immunity, Digestive Enzymes and Gut Microbiota","volume":"103","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Y., Wang, Q., Han, J., Wen, J., Wu, Y., and Man, C. (2022). Stress-Induced Immunosuppression Affecting Avian Influenza Virus Vaccine Immune Response through miR-20a-5p\/NR4A3 Pathway in Chicken. Vet. Microbiol., 273.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2022.109546"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.08.050","article-title":"Intestinal Histopathology and Immune Responses Following Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Nile Tilapia Fed Enriched Black Soldier Fly Larval (BSF) Meal Supplemented with Chitinase","volume":"128","author":"Agbohessou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Gary, S., Ralph, C., Sherine, E., McInnes, I.B., and O\u2019Dell, J.R. (2013). Kelley\u2019s Textbook of Rheumatology, W.B. Saunders.. [9th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00350.x","article-title":"The alternative complement pathway revisited","volume":"12","author":"Harboe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau6085","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau6085","article-title":"Structure and Function of the Immune System in the Spleen","volume":"4","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-0514-4","article-title":"Immune Response in Piglets Orally Immunized with Recombinant Bacillus Subtilis Expressing the Capsid Protein of Porcine Circovirus Type 2","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081571","article-title":"The Induction of Antibody Production by IL-6 Is Indirectly Mediated by IL-21 Produced by CD4+ T Cells","volume":"206","author":"Dienz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08547","article-title":"Induction of Gut Leakage in Young Broiler Chickens Fed a Diet with Low Rye Inclusion","volume":"7","author":"Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101242","article-title":"Effects of Essential Oil on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Immunity, and Intestinal Health in Broilers","volume":"100","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"48","article-title":"Effect of Dexamethasone on Disacchridase Activities and Mucosa Morphology in Jejunum of Broilers","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174531","DOI":"10.1080\/08916934.2023.2174531","article-title":"Critical Influence of Cytokines and Immune Cells in Autoimmune Gastritis","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, C., Lei, J., Yao, Y., Qu, X., Chen, J., Xie, K., Wang, X., Yi, Q., Xiao, B., and Guo, S. (2021). Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae Meal Modulates Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota in Xuefeng Black-Bone Chickens. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.706424"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phaengphairee, P., Boontiam, W., Wealleans, A., Hong, J., and Kim, Y.Y. (2023). Dietary supplementation with full-fat Hermetia illucens larvae and multi-probiotics, as a substitute for antibiotics, improves the growth performance, gut health, and antioxidative capacity of weaned pigs. BMC Vet. Res., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03550-8"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, D., Wang, Y., Liu, G., He, J., Qiu, W., Hu, X., Feng, Z., Ran, M., Nyachoti, C.M., and Kim, S.W. (2014). Effects of chitosan on intestinal inflammation in weaned pigs challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104192"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2008.10.002","article-title":"Chitin regulation of immune responses: An old molecule with new roles","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2014.05.003","article-title":"Somatostatin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Tight Junction Damage via the ERK-MAPK Pathway in Caco2 Cells","volume":"93","author":"Lei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"137","article-title":"Effects of Sodium Propionate on the Tight Junction and Inflammatory Cytokines in IPEC-J2 Cells","volume":"42","author":"Yanan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanjing Nongye Daxue Xuebao"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103097","article-title":"Effects of Dustbathing Environment on Gut Microbiota and Expression of Intestinal Barrier and Immune-Related Genes of Adult Laying Hens Housed Individually in Modified Traditional Cage","volume":"102","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.10.007","article-title":"Glycan-Modifying Bacteria-Derived Soluble Factors from Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron and Lactobacillus Casei Inhibit Rotavirus Infection in Human Intestinal Cells","volume":"14","author":"Varyukhina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, and health of poultry","volume":"10","author":"Yadv","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"825","article-title":"Artemisia annua as phytogenic feed additive in the diet of broilers (14\u201335 days) reared under heat stress (32 \u00b0C)","volume":"20","author":"Saracila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, N., Wang, S., Li, H., Liu, S., Li, M., Luo, J., Su, W., and He, H. (2018). Influence of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Infection on Migrating Whooper Swans Fecal Microbiota. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00046"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Gao, X., Liu, Z., Zhang, L., Fang, X., Sun, J., Zhang, Z., and Sun, Y. (2022). Sodium Alginate Prevents Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating the Gut-Liver Axis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224846"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew151","article-title":"Campylobacter Jejuni Colonization Promotes the Translocation of Escherichia Coli to Extra-Intestinal Organs and Disturbs the Short-Chain Fatty Acids Profiles in the Chicken Gut","volume":"95","author":"Awad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-022-01287-8","article-title":"Amino Acid Utilization Allows Intestinal Dominance of Lactobacillus Amylovorus","volume":"16","author":"Jing","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.10542","article-title":"Antimicrobial Role of Lactobacillus Species as Potential Probiotics against Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Chickens","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skz395","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz395","article-title":"Hermetia Illucens Larvae as a Fishmeal Replacement Alters Intestinal Specific Bacterial Populations and Immune Homeostasis in Weanling Piglets","volume":"98","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/11\/12\/615\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:44:55Z","timestamp":1760114695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/11\/12\/615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci11120615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci11120615","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]}}}