{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:12:40Z","timestamp":1779887560689,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451\u201303-66\/2024\u201303\/200143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451\u201303-66\/2024\u201303\/200143"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this research was to assess welfare indicators in different dairy cow management systems, determine the prevalence of parasitic infections, and examine the impact of these infections on welfare indicators. This study was conducted in 2024 on 45 Holstein-Friesian cows aged 2 to 6 years (first to third lactation) in Northern Serbia. Monitoring was carried out in tie stall, loose, and pasture-based systems, covering three production phases: late dry period, clinical puerperium, and peak lactation. Cow welfare was evaluated using the Welfare Quality\u00ae protocol, and parasitological diagnostics from fecal samples. Identified welfare issues included a low body condition score (BCS), dirtiness of udders, flanks, and legs, integument alterations, nasal and ocular discharge, lameness, and diarrhea. Cows in the pasture-based system had significantly higher scores for dirtiness (p &lt; 0.001), while those in tie stalls showed more integument alterations (p &lt; 0.001). Loose-housed cows had higher nasal discharge scores (p &lt; 0.001). Parasites identified included Eimeria spp., Buxtonella sulcata, gastrointestinal strongylids, Moniezia spp., Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Fasciola hepatica, and Paramphistomum spp. Significant correlations (p &lt; 0.001) were found between certain welfare indicators and parasite infections, such as a low BCS with Eimeria oocysts and nasal discharge and hairless patches with Buxtonella sulcata and Dicrocoelium dendriticum. These data indicate needs for improving dairy cows\u2019 welfare and the implementation of effective parasite control measures in all housing systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12020125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T04:15:41Z","timestamp":1738728941000},"page":"125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Welfare on Dairy Cows in Different Housing Systems: Emphasis on Digestive Parasitological Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dragisa","family":"Paukovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2813-6466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Ilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3153-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Maletic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1617-2862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nemanja M.","family":"Jovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9246-212X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sreten","family":"Nedic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ruminants and Swine Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milorad","family":"Mirilovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4010-7964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"Nenadovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Review: Welfare of dairy cows in continuously housed and pasture-based production systems","volume":"11","author":"Arnott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gieseke, D., Lambertz, C., and Gauly, M. (2022). Effects of housing and management factors on selected indicators of the Welfare Quality\u00ae protocol in loose-housed dairy cows. Vet. 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