{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:25:26Z","timestamp":1789536326709,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Humanities, Science, and Technology of M\u00e9xico","award":["386650\/256513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["386650\/256513"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Humanities, Science, and Technology of M\u00e9xico","award":["PIP\/SA 25-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIP\/SA 25-1"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes","award":["386650\/256513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["386650\/256513"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes","award":["PIP\/SA 25-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIP\/SA 25-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites of Aspergillus spp. They are highly toxic, carcinogenic, and immunosuppressive; AFs cause nonspecific disorders in humans and animals, which makes their diagnosis complex. The objective was to describe the time course of toxic effects of a single exposure to AFs-contaminated feed. Fifteen male calves (2 weeks old) were examined over 30 days for clinical, biochemical, and pathological changes resulting from the ingestion of AF-contaminated feed (1.0 mg\/kg BW). Compared with 15 unexposed calves, exposed calves showed transient depression and rough coat; BW gain, dry matter intake, albumin, total plasma protein, and hepatic and renal glutathione-S-transferase concentrations progressively decreased. However, conversion ratio (feed\/BW), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, reduced glutathione, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases progressively increased. Necropsy and histology at 7 days postexposure (dpe) showed liver with multifocal hemorrhages, yellowish coloration, friable consistency, periportal fibrosis, and steatosis. Kidneys were hemorrhagic, with brush border losses, glomerular atrophy, sclerotic glomerulonephritis, and lymphocytic infiltration. However, at 30 dpe, the liver showed pale discoloration, diffuse macrovesicular steatosis, and periportal fibrosis. The kidneys had mottled appearance and firm consistency, fibrosis, loss of normal architecture, and thickening of Bowman\u2019s capsule. These results suggest that the identification of alterations in animal performance and biochemical and histological characteristics could be useful for integrating a proper diagnosis of bovine aflatoxicosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12030273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1741935736000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Time-Dependent Changes in Performance, Biochemistry, and Histology in Dairy Calves with Acute Aflatoxicosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Carolina","family":"de Luna-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Sciences Centre, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9354-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo G.","family":"Valdivia-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Sciences Centre, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8321-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika Janet","family":"Rangel-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Sciences Centre, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8261-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Valdivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Sciences Centre, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Te\u00f3dulo","family":"Quezada-Trist\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Sciences Centre, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Jaramillo-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Sciences Centre, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Ortiz-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Sciences Centre, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"688","article-title":"Association between Aspergillus flavus colonization and aflatoxins production in immature grains of maize genotypes","volume":"12","author":"Reyes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajmal, M., Bedale, W., Akram, A., and Yu, J.-H. (2022). Comprehensive review of aflatoxin contamination, impact on health and food security, and management strategies in Pakistan. 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