{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T09:00:47Z","timestamp":1781859647979,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005288","name":"FAPESPA\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Amaz\u00f4nia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas\u2014FAPESPA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["036\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["036\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["036\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["036\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dermacentor nitens (tropical horse tick) is a tick species commonly found parasitizing horses and other equids in the Amazon region, causing economic losses. Currently, tick control is based on chemical acaricides, usually in a power formulation for topical use. However, its indiscriminate use results in the emergence of resistant tick lineages. Several plant compounds have been tested for their acaricide activity. In the Amazon, several plants are used for oil extraction, resulting in the production of solid residue (waste) that may contain chemical molecules with biological activities. Thus, we aimed to test the in vitro acaricidal potential of the ethanolic extract of the industrial residue of andiroba (Carapa sp.) against D. nitens. In a larval immersion test (LIT), D. nitens larvae were tested with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% andiroba extract concentrations in three replicates. Subsequently, the envelopes were kept in a BOD chamber (28 \u00b0C \u00b1 1 \u00b0C; 80% \u00b1 5% humidity) for 24 h. At the end of this period, live and dead larvae were counted, and efficiency was calculated from the mortality rate caused by the extract and corrected by the Abbot formula. In the three repetitions, the andiroba extract at a concentration of 5% caused the death of 100% of the larvae. At concentrations of 2.5% and 10%, they caused the death of, respectively, 12.38% (\u00b13.5%) and 69.79% (\u00b17.98%) of the larvae. These results indicate that the extract from the industrial residue from the production of andiroba oil has acaricidal activity. It is concluded that the solid waste from industrial andiroba oil extraction has the potential for the development of natural acaricides against D. nitens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12050421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T09:00:39Z","timestamp":1745917239000},"page":"421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Industrial Residue of Andiroba (Carapa sp.): A Promising Source of Natural Acaricides Against Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1726-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program Society, Nature and Development, PPGSND, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6812-1026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raidel Reis dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program Society, Nature and Development, PPGSND, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poliana Le\u00e3o","family":"Peleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program Society, Nature and Development, PPGSND, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Beatriz Barbosa","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"da Silva Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5989-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Sousa","family":"de Almeida J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0909-769X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauro Euclides Soares","family":"Barata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldiney Pires","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6742-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Humberto Hamad","family":"Minervino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.06.012","article-title":"Ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Brazil: Updated Species Checklist and Taxonomic Keys","volume":"10","author":"Onofrio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612014042","article-title":"Reassessment of the Potential Economic Impact of Cattle Parasites in Brazil","volume":"23","author":"Grisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. 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