{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:18:14Z","timestamp":1783041494149,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32002282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002282"]}]},{"name":"Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CARS-42-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-42-17"]}]},{"name":"Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SCCXTD-2020-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCCXTD-2020-18"]}]},{"name":"China Agricultural Research System","award":["32002282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002282"]}]},{"name":"China Agricultural Research System","award":["CARS-42-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-42-17"]}]},{"name":"China Agricultural Research System","award":["SCCXTD-2020-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCCXTD-2020-18"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Veterinary Medicine and Drug Innovation Group of the China Agricultural Research System","award":["32002282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002282"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Veterinary Medicine and Drug Innovation Group of the China Agricultural Research System","award":["CARS-42-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-42-17"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Veterinary Medicine and Drug Innovation Group of the China Agricultural Research System","award":["SCCXTD-2020-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCCXTD-2020-18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Duck plague (DP), caused by duck plague virus (DPV), is a highly contagious and fatal disease among waterfowl. UL3.5, an unconserved gene belonging to the Herpesviridae family, Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, and Mardivirus genus, is located downstream of UL3 and exhibits high variability in size and sequence, with an absence in herpes simplex virus (HSV). Currently, there is little understanding of DPV UL3.5. In this study, we determined that DPV pUL3.5 is distributed within the cytoplasm and co-located with multiple organelles. In addition, we investigated the genetic type of DPV UL3.5 and found that it is an early gene encoding an early viral protein. To further explore the function of DPV UL3.5, we constructed DPV-BAC-\u03b4UL3.5 and discovered that the deletion of UL3.5 significantly impacts the viral secondary envelopment and release processes. Furthermore, the UL3.5-deleted virus shows defects in cell-to-cell spread. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the early viral protein encoded by DPV UL3.5 plays a crucial role in promoting viral replication. This offers fundamental insights for further investigations into the function of DPV UL3.5.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12060510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T06:16:03Z","timestamp":1747980963000},"page":"510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Protein Encoded by the UL3.5 Gene of the Duck Plague Virus Affects Viral Secondary Envelopment, Release, and Cell-to-Cell Spread"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Avian Disease and Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Avian Disease and Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanming","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control 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and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Avian Disease and Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Green Drugs, Veterinary Department in College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-021-05323-4","article-title":"Differentiating between viruses and virus species by writing their names 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