{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:56:24Z","timestamp":1793368584832,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32402932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32402932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["246Z6606G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246Z6606G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Guide Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Hebei Province","award":["32402932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32402932"]}]},{"name":"Central Guide Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Hebei Province","award":["246Z6606G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246Z6606G"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fowl adenovirus can cause various diseases such as hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), which leads to huge economic losses for China\u2019s poultry industry. In recent years, the prevalence of FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, and FAdV-8b has been on the rise. In this study, a trivalent fowl adenovirus inactivated vaccine against FAdV-4\/8a\/8b was generated and the immune effect was evaluated. The results showed that chickens immunized with the trivalent vaccine could effectively resist the challenge of virulent strains of FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, and FAdV-8b. All chickens in the immunized groups survived after virus injection, gained weight normally, and the lesions in tissues and organs (liver, spleen, kidney, etc.) were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The viral load in the liver of the immunized group was significantly lower than that of the challenge control group five days after the challenge (p &lt; 0.01), and the cloacal excretion was significantly lower than that of the non-immune control group (p &lt; 0.01). Moreover, until 16 weeks after immunization, the neutralizing antibody level against FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, and FAdV-8b remained above 8.27 log2. As a result, the trivalent vaccine generated in our study was an attractive candidate to prevent and reduce the spread of HHS and IBH in China\u2019s poultry industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12060549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T05:49:22Z","timestamp":1749102562000},"page":"549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of the Immune Effect of a Trivalent Fowl Adenovirus Inactivated Vaccine Against FAdV-4\/8a\/8b"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yulan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"},{"name":"Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Baoding 071000, China"},{"name":"Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianhui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Baoding 071000, China"},{"name":"Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Drug and Feed Work Station of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology (HNUST), Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Foreign Language, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuntao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"},{"name":"Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Group 1 adenovirus infections","volume":"Volume 12","author":"Adair","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diseases of Poultry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08366","article-title":"Epidemiological and molecular analysis of circulating fowl adenoviruses and emerging of serotypes 1, 3, and 8b in Egypt","volume":"7","author":"Adel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"59","article-title":"Efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome in broilers","volume":"126","author":"Afzal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet. 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