{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T13:39:40Z","timestamp":1782308380110,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["SRG-231300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRG-231300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, particularly those are extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, thought to pose a serious threat to global health. This study aimed to isolate and identify the ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae from captive wild and migratory birds in Bangladesh along with their antimicrobial resistance characteristics. In this investigation, standard bacteriological methods were used to detect K. pneumoniae in 219 fecal samples. The positive isolates were confirmed by PCR and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. K. pneumoniae was detected in 93 (42.47%, 95% CI: 35.8\u201349.3) out of 219 fecal samples. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was higher in captive wild birds (50%; 40\/80) compared to migratory birds (38.1%; 53\/139). The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (69.9%) and streptomycin (64.5%). Conversely, the highest sensitivity was recorded for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (84.95%), followed by levofloxacin (79.57%) and gentamicin (69.89%). Molecular screening revealed that all positive isolates harbored blaTEM-1&amp;2 encoding genes, with 45.2% and 15.1% carried blaSHV-1 and blaOXA-1,4&amp;30, respectively. Additionally, resistance genes strA (30.1%), tetA (9.7%), and sul1 (9.7%) were detected. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index ranged from 0.18 to 0.64, with 63.4% of isolates classified as MDR. The isolation of MDR and ESBL producing K. pneumoniae from captive wild and migratory birds suggests that these birds may serve as reservoirs for the spread of these bacteria, potentially impacting public health in the study region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12060556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T09:02:03Z","timestamp":1749200523000},"page":"556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Captive Wild and Migratory Birds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0536-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Mujahidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Bashir","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9785-2549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hemayet","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4245-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milton","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1895-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruhena","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2934-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piash Kumer","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2062-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Mahfujur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7443-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Seong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8506-1202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Mukter","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.09.020","article-title":"Veterinary antimicrobial resistance containment in Bangladesh: Evaluating the national action plan and scoping the evidence on implementation","volume":"21","author":"Orubu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsohaby, I., Samy, A., Elmoslemany, A., Alorabi, M., Alkafafy, M., Aldoweriej, A., Al-Marri, T., Elbehiry, A., and Fayez, M. (2021). Migratory Wild Birds as a Potential Disseminator of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria around Al-Asfar Lake, Eastern Saudi Arabia. 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