{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:41:56Z","timestamp":1793083316690,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-14-00316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-14-00316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-10-2025-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-10-2025-017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-14-00316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-14-00316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-10-2025-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-10-2025-017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hibernation in mammals entails profound physiological changes that are known to impact host-associated microbial communities, yet its effects on the gut microbiota of synanthropic bats remain underexplored. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial composition and diversity of Nyctalus noctula before and during hibernation using high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Fecal samples from individually banded bats were collected under controlled conditions at a rehabilitation center and analyzed for alpha and beta diversity, as well as differential taxonomic abundance. Hibernation was associated with a marked reduction in microbial diversity according to the Shannon and Simpson indices and a distinct restructuring of gut communities based on the Bray\u2013Curtis dissimilarity index. Active bats exhibited a diverse microbiota enriched in facultative anaerobes, including Lactococcus, Enterococcus, and Escherichia\u2013Shigella, while hibernating individuals were dominated by obligate anaerobes, such as Romboutsia and Paeniclostridium. These findings suggest a contraction and functional specialization of the gut microbiota during torpor, potentially reflecting adaptations to fasting, hypothermia, and reduced gut motility. Our results demonstrate that the bat\u2019s gut microbiome is highly responsive to physiological status and underscore the importance of microbial ecology for understanding the host\u2019s energy balance and health under seasonal contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12060559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T09:43:14Z","timestamp":1749202994000},"page":"559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gut Microbiota Dynamics in Hibernating and Active Nyctalus noctula: Hibernation-Associated Loss of Diversity and Anaerobe Enrichment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7947-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilia V.","family":"Popov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty \u201cBioengineering and Veterinary Medicine\u201d, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria A.","family":"Peshkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina A.","family":"Lukbanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty \u201cBioengineering and Veterinary Medicine\u201d, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna S.","family":"Tsurkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty \u201cBioengineering and Veterinary Medicine\u201d, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8031-2650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey A.","family":"Emelyantsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasya A.","family":"Krikunova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty \u201cBioengineering and Veterinary Medicine\u201d, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksey V.","family":"Malinovkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty \u201cBioengineering and Veterinary Medicine\u201d, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7265-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael L.","family":"Chikindas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"},{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-3989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey M.","family":"Ermakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty \u201cBioengineering and Veterinary Medicine\u201d, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9223-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor V.","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty \u201cBioengineering and Veterinary Medicine\u201d, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia"},{"name":"Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Simmons, N.B. 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