{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:24:46Z","timestamp":1760059486249,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 10-year-old male neutered British Shorthair cat with diabetes mellitus presented with an acute onset of unilateral swelling, erythema, alopecia and coalescing ulcerations of the face and periocular skin. Initial clinical differential diagnoses were trauma, infections (including feline respiratory viruses), arthropod bites, and eosinophilic dermatoses such as eosinophilic granuloma complex, mosquito-bite hypersensitivity and cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Histopathology revealed fulminant furunculosis with abundant eosinophils and vasculitis. Initial topical glucocorticoid treatment partially improved the clinical signs but severely raised serum glucose levels. As a result, systemic glucocorticoids and ciclosporin were not considered optimal treatments, and the off-label and short-term use of oclacitinib was chosen with the owner\u2019s informed consent. This treatment induced fast remission of clinical signs with no recurrence for 17 months. Secondary fusion of the eyelids caused by cicatrization was surgically reconstructed to restore full function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12060589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T10:47:22Z","timestamp":1750070842000},"page":"589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oclacitinib Treatment and Surgical Management in a Case of Periocular Eosinophilic Furunculosis and Vasculitis with Secondary Eyelid Fusion in a Diabetic Cat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5114-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Ehling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, Department of Dermatology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Helene","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, Department of Dermatology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, Department of Dermatology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Beineke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea Vanessa","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, Department of Dermatology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2005.09.015","article-title":"Canine and feline eosinophilic skin diseases","volume":"36","author":"Bloom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-3862.2011.00110.x","article-title":"Feline eosinophilic dermatoses Part 2: Further investigation and long-term management","volume":"16","author":"Forsythe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Companion Anim."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-3862.2011.00086.x","article-title":"Feline eosinophilic dermatoses Part 1: Aetiology, clinical signs and investigation","volume":"16","author":"Forsythe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Companion Anim."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxp102","article-title":"IL-5- and eosinophil-mediated inflammation: From discovery to therapy","volume":"21","author":"Kouro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasiecka-Mikolajczyk, A., Jaroszewski, J.J., and Maslanka, T. (2021). Oclacitinib, a Janus Kinase Inhibitor, Reduces the Frequency of IL-4- and IL-10-, but Not IFN-gamma-, Producing Murine CD4(+) and CD8(+) T Cells and Counteracts the Induction of Type 1 Regulatory T Cells. Molecules, 26.","key":"ref_5","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185655"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12101","article-title":"Oclacitinib (APOQUEL((R))) is a novel Janus kinase inhibitor with activity against cytokines involved in allergy","volume":"37","author":"Gonzales","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.12.0570","article-title":"Oclacitinib 10 years later: Lessons learned and directions for the future","volume":"261","author":"Marsella","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12949","article-title":"Beneficial effect of oclacitinib in a case of feline pemphigus foliaceus","volume":"32","author":"Carrasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134-e24","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12819","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic study of oclacitinib maleate in six cats","volume":"31","author":"Ferrer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gross, T.L., Ihrke, P.J., Walder, E.J., and Affolter, V.K. (2005). Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat: Clinical and Histopathologic Diagnosis, Blackwell Science Ltd.. [2nd ed.]. Print ISBN 9780632064526, Online ISBN 9780470752487.","key":"ref_10","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470752487"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"43","article-title":"Dermatitis due to Pelodera strongyloides with eosinophilic folliculitis-furunculosis in 2 young dogs","volume":"34","author":"Fantini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Summa Anim. Compagnia"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(99)50134-4","article-title":"Insect and arachnid hypersensitivity","volume":"29","author":"Bevier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.1996.tb00239.x","article-title":"Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma","volume":"7","author":"Guaguere","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86-e26","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12119","article-title":"Feline eosinophilic dermatoses: A retrospective immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of extracellular matrix remodelling","volume":"25","author":"Porcellato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"2055116919891548","article-title":"Novel presentation of eosinophilic granuloma complex in a cat","volume":"5","author":"Hopke","year":"2019","journal-title":"JFMS Open Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.02.001","article-title":"Feline diabetes mellitus in the UK: The prevalence within an insured cat population and a questionnaire-based putative risk factor analysis","volume":"9","author":"McCann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X20943522","article-title":"Prednisolone-induced diabetes mellitus in the cat: A historical cohort","volume":"23","author":"Nerhagen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.6.880","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for diabetes mellitus in cats that have undergone renal transplantation: 187 cases (1986\u20132005)","volume":"230","author":"Case","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00110.x","article-title":"Prospective open pilot study on the use of ciclosporin for feline allergic skin disease","volume":"47","author":"Noli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X211048458","article-title":"Efficacy of oclacitinib for the control of feline atopic skin syndrome: Correlating plasma concentrations with clinical response","volume":"24","author":"Carrasco","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, N.L., Campos, D.R., Machado, M.A., Alves, M.S.R., de Souza, M.S.G., da Veiga, C.C.P., Merlo, A., Scott, F.B., and Fernandes, J.I. (2019). A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety of oclacitinib in cats. BMC Vet. Res., 15.","key":"ref_21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1893-x"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13097","article-title":"Fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis in a feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cat receiving oclacitinib for feline atopic skin syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Moore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"unstructured":"Gelatt, K.N., Ben-Shlomo, G., Gilger, B.C., Hendrix, D.V.H., Kern, T.J., and Plummer, C.E. (2021). Veterinary Ophthalmology, Wiley-Blackwell. [2nd ed.].","key":"ref_23"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2010.488578","article-title":"Lagophthalmos","volume":"25","author":"Pereira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Correlation between Ocular Surface Parameters and the Severity of Blepharitis in Patients with Dry Eye","volume":"56","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pak. Heart J."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/12\/6\/589\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:52:18Z","timestamp":1760032338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/12\/6\/589"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci12060589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci12060589","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2306-7381"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]}}}