{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:28:39Z","timestamp":1760059719606,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union-Next Generation EU","award":["Project PRIN Prot. 2022WTWB9R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project PRIN Prot. 2022WTWB9R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the scientific community to prioritize the discovery of preventive methods and new therapeutics, including the investigation of natural compounds with antiviral potential. Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) represent a promising source of antiviral drugs due to their structural diversity and intrinsic biocompatibility. Herein, the antiviral activity of 6-pentyl-\u03b1-pyrone (6PP) against bovine coronavirus (BCoV) has been evaluated in vitro. Considering that BCoV and SARS-CoV-2 are both members of the Betacoronavirus genus and share several key features, BCoV represents a valuable reference model for human coronavirus research. A non-cytotoxic dose of 6PP was used on MDBK cells to evaluate its antiviral activity against BCoV. Different experimental conditions were employed to examine cell monolayer protection both pre- and post-infection, as well as the potential inhibition of viral internalization. Overall, post-infection 6PP treatment reduced viral load and decreased viral internalization. Results were analyzed using viral titration and quantitative PCR, while data interpretation was performed by statistical software tools. This study presents a novel fluorescence quantification approach with high confidence demonstrated by its significant concordance with RT-qPCR results. These data suggest that 6PP could be an effective antiviral agent for BCoV, warranting further investigation of its role in coronavirus inhibition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12070634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T04:35:52Z","timestamp":1751517352000},"page":"634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Antiviral Activity of the Fungal Metabolite 6-Pentyl-\u03b1-Pyrone Against Bovine Coronavirus: A Translational Study to SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3798-0407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violetta Iris","family":"Vasinioti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8546-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amienwanlen Eugene","family":"Odigie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Stella","family":"Lucente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Del Sorbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9594-5255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Catella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9330-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Casalino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8318-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Michela","family":"Salvatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8946-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Staropoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5090-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Vinale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4300-8822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Tempesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6658-7807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filomena","family":"Fiorito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8949-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Andolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1044-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Buonavoglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 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