{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:09:00Z","timestamp":1785240540894,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is a major zoonotic disease primarily transmitted by sand flies. Unlike in adult dogs, the clinical course of CanL in puppies remains poorly characterized, regardless of the transmission pathway (i.e., vertical transmission or vector exposure). This study presents the first systematic literature review (SLR) focused on juvenile CanL, alongside an atypical clinical case report. A PRISMA-compliant search across four databases identified three eligible studies describing CanL in puppies (\u22649 months, according to the current canine life stage guidelines). The case involves a 4.5-month-old puppy adopted from southern Italy with papulo-nodular skin lesions and generalized lymphadenomegaly as well as a mild normocytic normochromic anemia and increased C-reactive protein. L. infantum infection was confirmed by serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and cytology. The SLR suggests that dermatological lesions and\/or lymphadenomegaly, whether associated with laboratory abnormalities, represent the most common clinical manifestations of CanL in puppies. In the presented case, the coexistence of systemic dissemination signs and papulo-nodular skin lesions, typically associated with vector-borne transmission, suggests the possibility of a dual route of infection by L. infantum. Juvenile CanL should be considered in differential diagnoses and supported by thorough diagnostic evaluation and appropriate follow-up protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12070653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T12:46:33Z","timestamp":1752237993000},"page":"653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Juvenile Canine Leishmaniosis: A Systematic Literature Review and an Atypical Clinical Case"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0463-7275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Dizonno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8469-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana","family":"Gusatoaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Uva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6256-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floriana","family":"Gernone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo Paolo","family":"Lia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Zatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2545-3968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alfonsa","family":"Cavalera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.04.001","article-title":"Canine leishmaniosis\u2013new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: Part one","volume":"24","author":"Baneth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silveira, F.T., Sousa Junior, E.C., Silvestre, R.V.D., Vasconcelos dos Santos, T., Sosa-Ochoa, W., Valeriano, C.Z., Ramos, P.K.S., Casseb, S.M.M., Lima, L.V.d.R., and Campos, M.B. 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