{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:49:43Z","timestamp":1791942583939,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated diagnostic trends and the overall utility of cytology in feline patients through the analysis of a large, multicentric dataset from Portugal. A retrospective review of 3068 cytological cases from 130 veterinary practices was conducted, with samples categorised by anatomical location and lesion type. Diagnostic outcomes were statistically assessed, revealing an overall success rate of 66.20%. The highest diagnostic yields occurred in fluid samples (83.48%), glandular tissues (76.67%), and mucous membranes (75.81%), followed by organ-based samples (67.79%), miscellaneous tissues (66.98%), cutaneous\/subcutaneous nodules (62.16%), and lymph nodes (57.93%). Neoplastic lesions showed age-associated prevalence, being more common in older cats, with epithelial and melanocytic lesions more frequent in females and round cell\/mesenchymal lesions predominating in males. Non-diagnostic samples (33.80%) primarily resulted from insufficient cellularity or suboptimal quality, though no significant correlation existed between diagnostic success and clinical setting. This study underscores that cytology remains a fundamental diagnostic tool in feline medicine, particularly when combined with proper sampling techniques and complementary diagnostic methods, and reinforces its value in clinical decision-making, thereby supporting its broader utilisation in routine veterinary practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12070671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T11:25:17Z","timestamp":1752751517000},"page":"671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["What Comes from Cytology Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Retrospective Analysis of 3068 Feline Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6124-2041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Brilhante-Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INNO Veterinary Laboratories, R. C\u00e2ndido de Sousa 15, 4710-300 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s\u2013os\u2013Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9339-9932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s\u2013os\u2013Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4405-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INNO Veterinary Laboratories, R. C\u00e2ndido de Sousa 15, 4710-300 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3948-3014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INNO Veterinary Laboratories, R. C\u00e2ndido de Sousa 15, 4710-300 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s\u2013os\u2013Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3992-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INNO Veterinary Laboratories, R. C\u00e2ndido de Sousa 15, 4710-300 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1261-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5502-5991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Hematology Diagnostic Services, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal Morphology and Toxicology Team, CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto (U.Porto), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-8381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felisbina","family":"Queiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s\u2013os\u2013Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto (U.Porto), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justina","family":"Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s\u2013os\u2013Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto (U.Porto), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.10.022","article-title":"Diagnostic value of cytological analysis of tumours and tumour-like lesions of the oral cavity in dogs and cats: A prospective study on 114 cases","volume":"205","author":"Bonfanti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. 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