{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T01:35:33Z","timestamp":1785375333663,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["KK. 01.1.1.04.0086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK. 01.1.1.04.0086"]}]},{"name":"University of Zagreb","award":["KK. 01.1.1.04.0086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK. 01.1.1.04.0086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is currently one of the major medical problems affecting humans and companion animals, including cats; however, a detailed understanding of the metabolic processes altered in feline obesity remains limited. This study aimed to investigate obesity-related changes in the serum metabolome of three groups of cats, metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHN) cats, metabolically healthy overweight (MHO) cats, and metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUO) cats. Metabolome changes were assessed using LC-MS (untargeted), LC-MS (targeted), and FIA-MS (targeted) methods. Untargeted analysis detected 141 significant annotated features, while targeted approach identified 48 metabolites significantly associated with obesity. Both untargeted and targeted analyses showed lower kynurenine levels in the MUO group compared to the MHN group. Targeted LC-MS analysis identified 11 significant metabolites, whereas the FIA-MS approach detected 37. Four metabolites\u2014glycine, citrulline, and two phosphatidylcholines\u2014were found at lower levels in the MHO group compared to the MHN group. Arginine and proline metabolism, along with methionine metabolism, were significantly altered pathways, while thyroid hormone synthesis was independently altered with the highest enrichment ratio. The obtained results suggest that cats with a healthy phenotype exhibit an intermediate-metabolic-risk profile and provide new insights into the metabolic mechanisms and pathways underlying feline obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12080697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T12:56:43Z","timestamp":1753448203000},"page":"697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Metabolic Profiles of Feline Obesity Revealed by Untargeted and Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Renata","family":"Bari\u0107 Rafaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Rubi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Proteomics, Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4945-4690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josipa","family":"Kule\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Pri\u0161\u0107an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Proteomics, Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6865-8712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Goti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luka","family":"E\u0107imovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Ku\u010der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0402-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Samard\u017eija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Reproduction and Obstetretic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9805-5226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mislav","family":"Kova\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0723-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Mrljak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2000). Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. WHO Consult., 894, 1\u2013253."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"BSAVA (2025, May 05). Obesity. 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