{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:41:14Z","timestamp":1788882074916,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liquid whey (LW) is a nutrient-rich dairy by-product and a promising resource for animal nutrition. However, data regarding its impact on intestinal morphology and endocrine signaling are limited. Therefore, the current study aims to dissect those aspects. An experiment was conducted on 14 crossbred pigs divided into control (fed 3% of their body weight pelleted feed) and LW (fed 3% of their body weight supplemented with 1.5 L of LW) groups. The results show a significantly increased body weight gain in LW pigs during the second half of the experiment. Moreover, an increased ileal villus height, deeper crypts, and a thicker muscularis externa in the duodenum and jejunum have been reported in LW-fed pigs. Goblet cell count revealed a significant abundance of these cells in duodenal villi and jejunal crypts of the LW group, suggesting enhanced mucosal defense in all segments of LW-fed pigs. While Cholecystokinin8 and Galanin showed the same expression pattern among both groups and SI segments, the leptin expression was significantly higher in LW swine. These findings indicate that LW promotes growth, gut mucosa remodeling, and neuroendocrine signaling, thus supporting LW use as a functional dietary strategy with attention to the adaptation period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12080716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:29:02Z","timestamp":1753885742000},"page":"716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Histological Assessment of Intestinal Changes Induced by Liquid Whey-Enriched Diets in Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9432-4588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamel","family":"Mhalhel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6054-0867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Pansera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyanis Herrera","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Agraria de La Habana \u201cFructuoso Rodriguez P\u00e9rez\u201d, San Jos\u00e9 de Las Lajas 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Levanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0934-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"German\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4702-1362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Sutera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D\u2019Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2188-5947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Tardiolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5174-8583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Zumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5551-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marialuisa","family":"Aragona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8195-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Montalbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.23.0367","article-title":"Current Status of Global Pig Production: An Overview and Research Trends","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. 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