{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:36:57Z","timestamp":1760060217923,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SECIHTI (Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n)","award":["1316064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1316064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis in clinically suspect dogs in the Laguna Region of Coahuila, Mexico, and to analyse its association with several clinical, haematological, and social variables. The present study focuses on the veterinary care provided to a total of 249 dogs during the period from August 2023 to November 2024. The implementation of an immunochromatographic test was undertaken for the purpose of antibody detection. The observed seroprevalence was 63.9% (n = 156). Firstly, statistically significant associations were identified with clinical haemorrhagic signs (77.33%; OR = 5.03; p &lt; 0.001), anaemia (81.25%; OR = 4.17; p &lt; 0.001), and thrombocytopenia (96.26%; OR = 43.24; p &lt; 0.001). Secondly, rural dogs exhibited a higher prevalence (70.54%) compared to urban dogs (54.17%), which was found to be statistically significant (p &lt; 0.01). Multivariate analysis and logistic regression identified thrombocytopenia as the most robust predictor. The findings emphasise the substantial circulation of Ehrlichia canis in the region, thereby reinforcing the clinical significance of haemorrhagic manifestations and haematological parameters as diagnostic tools in low-resource settings. The implementation of epidemiological surveillance, vector control, and community education programmes is recommended in order to reduce the impact of this disease on animal and public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12080771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T16:22:33Z","timestamp":1755534153000},"page":"771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis in Clinically Suspect Dogs and Its Association with Clinical and Social Factors in Urban and Rural Areas of North-Central Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9825-8970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Cuauht\u00e9moc","family":"C\u00e1rdenas-Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Maestr\u00eda en Ciencias en Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torre\u00f3n 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7670-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Venegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dico Veterinarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torre\u00f3n 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Antonio","family":"Robles-Trillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Animal, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torre\u00f3n 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5105-1508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Gerardo","family":"V\u00e9liz-Deras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dico Veterinarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torre\u00f3n 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Alvarado-Espino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Animal, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torre\u00f3n 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6098-0093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente Homero","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 2, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guerrero, Carretera Federal Acapulco\u2013Pinotepa Nacional s\/n, Cuajinicuilapa 41940, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6134-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn Alfredo","family":"Legarreta-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de la Tarahumara, Carretera Guachochi-Yoquivo, Guachochi 33187, Mexico"},{"name":"Posgraduate Department, Fatima Campus, University of Makeni (UniMak), Makeni City 00232, Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dico Veterinarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torre\u00f3n 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Qualitative Refinement of a Survey about Tickborne Disease","volume":"87","author":"Middleton","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"246","article-title":"Ehrlichiosis in Household Dogs and Parasitized Ticks in Kerman-Iran: Preliminary Zoonotic Risk Assessment","volume":"10","author":"Motaghipisheh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Arthropod Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lira-Amaya, J.J., Beristain-Ruiz, D.M., Racanco-Delgado, J., Garza-Hern\u00e1ndez, J.A., Vital-Garc\u00eda, C., Santamaria-Espinosa, M., Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda, G., Alvarez-Mart\u00ednez, A., Quezada-Casasola, A., and Rojas-Mart\u00ednez, C. (2023). Molecular Detection and Characterization of Ehrlichia canis Isolates from Three Geographic Regions in Mexico: A Retrospective Study. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13081629"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.22319\/rmcp.v15i3.6604","article-title":"Frequency and Factors Associated with the Diagnosis of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma Spp. in Dogs","volume":"15","author":"Ruiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-06046-y","article-title":"Molecular Survey on Vector-borne Pathogens in Clinically Healthy Stray Cats in Zaragoza (Spain)","volume":"16","author":"Nijhof","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2023.2199003","article-title":"Farmers\u2019 Knowledge and Practices about Ticks and Tickborne Diseases in Illinois","volume":"28","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agromed."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2024.1765-1777","article-title":"Vector Abundance and Associated Abiotic Factors That Influence the Distribution of Ticks in Six Provinces of South Africa","volume":"17","author":"Makwarela","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0128.4168","article-title":"A Survey of Ixodid Ticks in Stray Dogs and Molecular Detection of Ehrlichia canis from Ticks in Central Iran","volume":"46","author":"Khovand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4322\/rbcv.2023.0005","article-title":"Detec\u00e7\u00e3o Molecular de Anaplasma Platys, Ehrlichia canis e Babesia Spp. Em C\u00e3es Atendidos Em Cl\u00ednica Da Regi\u00e3o Metropolitana Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro","volume":"30","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. De Ci\u00eancia Veterin\u00e1ria"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5380\/avs.v28i2.91206","article-title":"A Molecular Survey of Three Tick-Borne Pathogens in Dogs from Algodoal Village\/Maiandeua Island on the Northeast Coast of Par\u00e1, Brazil","volume":"28","author":"David","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"137","article-title":"Exposure to Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma Spp., and Other Vector-Borne Pathogens in Military, Police, Shelter, and Pet Dogs in Different Regions of Colombia","volume":"1","author":"Mccown","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedCoe Army Med. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1061","article-title":"Autochthonous Infection with Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in Dogs from Serbia","volume":"2023","author":"Sukara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2996","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2996","article-title":"Analysis of Exotic Pathogens Found in a Large Group of Imported Dogs Following an Animal Welfare Investigation","volume":"193","author":"Wright","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05864-4","article-title":"Molecular Detection of Pathogens from Ticks Collected from Dogs and Cats at Veterinary Clinics in Finland","volume":"16","author":"Zakham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05804-2","article-title":"Genetic Diversity of Vector-borne Pathogens in Ixodid Ticks Infesting Dogs from Pakistan with Notes on Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia raoultii and Dirofilaria immitis Detection","volume":"16","author":"Zeb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2024.2586-2594","article-title":"Coxiella Burnetii in Dogs and Associated Ticks in Egypt: Emerging One Health Challenging Zoonoses","volume":"17","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckae132","article-title":"Assessing the Diversity of Zoonotic Bacterial Agents in Rodents and Small Mammals in Iran","volume":"35","author":"Rezaie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2023.681-686","article-title":"Hematological Analysis of Naturally Infecting Blood Parasites in Dogs","volume":"16","author":"Boonhoh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"2507","article-title":"Bacterial Microbiota of the Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), a Broad Starting Point to Establish Potential Pathogens in Northern Mexico","volume":"2024","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res. Pavia"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayatilaka, P.S., Ranatunga, R.A.S., Wijerathna, H.S.U., Fernando, A.D.S., Jinarathne, K.M.H., Naullage, N.G.R.K., Silva, S.N.S., Thananjayan, K., Amarasiri, L.K.H.R.T., and Jayasundara, N.P.K. (2024). Canine Vector-Borne Infections of Working Dogs of the Sri Lanka Air Force, and Free Roaming, and Privately Owned Dogs. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71148-1"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"52","article-title":"Serological Evidence of Canine Vector-Borne Diseases Caused by Anaplasma Spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis and Dirofilaria Immitis in Dogs from Governador Islan, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"8","author":"Almeida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tradit. Mod. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1380","article-title":"Serological Investigation of Seven Zoonotic Pathogens in Companion Dogs in South Korea, 2018\u20132021","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2788-2793.2001","article-title":"Molecular and Antigenic Comparison of Ehrlichia canis Isolates from Dogs, Ticks, and a Human in Venezuela","volume":"39","author":"Unver","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1762","article-title":"Zoonotic Transmitted by Wild Animals and Its Impact on Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Monsalve","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. MVZ Cordoba"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2015.7629","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis in Dogs from Monterrey, Mexico","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0595","article-title":"Survey for Tick-Borne Zoonoses in the State of Espirito Santo, Southeastern Brazil","volume":"83","author":"Spolidorio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-023-04709-5","article-title":"Biometeorological Analysis on the Molecular Incidence of Babesiosis and Ehrlichiosis in Dogs","volume":"155","author":"Ajith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Clim."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"206","article-title":"Detection and Prevalence of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood, Serum, and Semen in Ibagu\u00e9-Tolima. Characterization of the Ocurrence of Cases of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma Spp. and Babesia Spp. Presented in Canines of Small Animal Clinic in the City of Bu","volume":"37","author":"Callejas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Colomb. De Cienc. Pecu."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-06098-0","article-title":"Microfluidic PCR and Network Analysis Reveals Complex Tick-borne Pathogen Interactions in the Tropics","volume":"17","author":"Galon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"2159","article-title":"Scientometric Mapping of the Trends, Impact, and Thematic Evolution of Scientific Production on Ehrlichiosis in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"17","author":"Medina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"756","article-title":"Factors Associated with Ehrlichia canis Infection in Dogs Infested with Ticks from Huanuco, Peru","volume":"32","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Peru. Med. Exp. Salud Publica"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves-Ribeiro, B.S., Duarte, R.B., Assis-Silva, Z.M., Gomes, A.P.C., Silva, Y.A., Fernandes-Silva, L., da Rocha, A.C.S., Moraes, I.d.S., Saturnino, K.C., and Ramos, D.G.d.S. (2024). Ehrlichia canis Vaccine Development: Challenges and Advances. Vet. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202410.2194.v1"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3390\/jzbg5040050","article-title":"Parasitic Protozoa and Other Vector-Borne Pathogens in Captive Mammals from Brazil","volume":"2024","author":"Castillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Zool. Bot. Gard."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.rccp.v35n2a01","article-title":"Prevalence of Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in Sheltered Dogs in Southern Aburr\u00e1 Valley, Colombia","volume":"35","author":"Monsalve","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Colomb. De Cienc. Pecu."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.701-706","article-title":"Systematic Evaluation of TaqMan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays Targeting the Dsb and GltA Loci of Ehrlichia canis in Recombinant Plasmids and Naturally Infected Dogs","volume":"15","author":"Sumpavong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.36899\/japs.2024.4.0783","article-title":"Effects of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum\/Anaplasma platys and Dirofilaria immitis Infections on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Balance in Dogs","volume":"34","author":"Kayar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3012.240339","article-title":"Ehrlichia canis in Human and Tick, Italy, 2023","volume":"30","author":"Sgroi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wongtawan, T., Sontigun, N., Boonchuay, K., Chiawwit, P., Wongtawan, O., Hayakijkosol, O., and Boonhoh, W. (2024). Improvements in Blood Profiles of Canines Naturally Infected with Triple Blood Pathogens (Babesia gogeli, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma platys) Subsequent to Doxycycline Monotherapy. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14243714"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"621","article-title":"Correlation between Canine Biochemical Analytes and TRP36 ELISA Seropositivity for Ehrlichia canis in Brazil","volume":"2023","author":"Zorzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2023.v13.i6.14","article-title":"Tick-Associated Diseases Identified from Hunting Dogs during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Mayan Community in Yucatan, Mexico","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"75","article-title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Hematologic Changes in Dogs from Baja California with Presence of Ehrlichia Spp., and Coinfection with Anaplasma Spp.","volume":"56","year":"2024","journal-title":"Austral J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonilla-Aldana, D.K., Guti\u00e9rrez-Grajales, E.J., Osorio-Navia, D., Chac\u00f3n-Pe\u00f1a, M., Trejos-Mendoza, A.E., P\u00e9rez-Vargas, S., Valencia-Mej\u00eda, L., Mar\u00edn-Arboleda, L.F., Mart\u00ednez-Hidalgo, J.P., and Reina-Mora, M.A. (2022). Haematological Alterations Associated with Selected Vector-Borne Infections and Exposure in Dogs from Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12243460"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"59","article-title":"Seroprevalencia de Ehrlichia canis En Perros Con Sospecha de Infecci\u00f3n Por Pat\u00f3genos Transmitidos por Garrapatas En Medell\u00edn, 2012\u20132014","volume":"2015","author":"Yarce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Vet. Bogota"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.47836\/pjtas.46.2.03","article-title":"Low Genetic Diversity of Vector-Borne Haemoparasites in Dogs and Their Ticks Revealed Local and Long-Range Transmission in Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"46","author":"Sipin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"1","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis Socioecon\u00f3mico de Los Peque\u00f1os Productores de Cacao En Honduras. Caso APROSACAO","volume":"848","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ceiba"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"R Core Team (2024). A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Core Team."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"72","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis Exploratorio de Enfermedades Rickettsiales Transmitidas Por Garrapatas En Perros de Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Chihuahua, M\u00e9xico","volume":"28","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Univ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.10.012","article-title":"Occupational Risk for Personnel Working in Veterinary Clinics through Exposure to Vectors of Rickettsial Pathogens","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.11.002","article-title":"Molecular Identification and Characterization of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in Dogs in Mexico","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.08.022","article-title":"Ehrlichia canis in Dogs in Yucatan, Mexico: Seroprevalence, Prevalence of Infection and Associated Factors","volume":"127","author":"Albornoz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-26","article-title":"Biology and Ecology of the Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus","volume":"3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02374.x","article-title":"Consensus Statement on Ehrlichial Disease of Small Animals from the Infectious Disease Study Group of the ACVIM","volume":"16","author":"Neer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.07.030","article-title":"Canine Babesiosis: A Brazilian Perspective","volume":"141","author":"Figueredo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makwarela, T.G., Seoraj-Pillai, N., and Nangammbi, T.C. (2025). Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management. Vet. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12020114"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.10","article-title":"Molecular, Epidemiological, and Hematological Evaluation in Ehrlichia canis Infected Dogs from an Endemic Region in Egypt","volume":"14","author":"Mobarak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02634.x","article-title":"An Acute Severe Ehrlichiosis in a Dog Experimentally Infected with a New Virulent Strain of Ehrlichia canis","volume":"15","author":"Unver","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1142\/S1682648524720028","article-title":"Case Report: Inherted Macrothrombocytopenia in a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel","volume":"49","year":"2024","journal-title":"Taiwan. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, J.G., Luo, T., Zhang, X., and McBride, J.W. (2024). Immuno- and Expression Analysis of Ehrlichia canis Immunoreactive Proteins. Front. Vet. Sci., 1.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1481934"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2023.1209-1213","article-title":"Molecular Prevalence and Factors Associated with Ehrlichia canis Infection in Dogs from the North Pantanal Wetland, Brazil","volume":"16","author":"Pereira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"99","article-title":"First Report of Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia Associated with Haemoparasitic Infections of Canine in Aizawl, Mizoram","volume":"19","author":"Lucy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian. J. Vet. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5012","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01622-09","article-title":"Efficacy of a Doxycycline Treatment Regimen Initiated during Three Different Phases of Experimental Ehrlichiosis","volume":"54","author":"McClure","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12040","article-title":"Diagnosis of Rickettsial Diseases in Dogs and Cats","volume":"42","author":"Allison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06437-9","article-title":"High Serological and Molecular Prevalence of Ehrlichia canis and Other Vector-Borne Pathogens in Dogs from Boa Vista Island, Cape Verde","volume":"17","author":"Checa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9467314","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9467314","article-title":"Prevalence, Distribution, and Factors Associated with Vector-Borne Pathogen Infections in Pet Dogs from Different Geoclimatic Zones in Sri Lanka","volume":"2023","author":"Atapattu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"89","article-title":"Prevalence of Tick-Borne Haemoprasites in Dogs in Agartala","volume":"20","author":"Bhowmik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian. J. Vet. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"901","article-title":"Prevalence Risk Factor Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Maharashtra","volume":"57","author":"Sarawade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1686-z","article-title":"Countrywide Serological Evaluation of Canine Prevalence for Anaplasma Spp., Borrelia Burgdorferi (Sensu Lato), Dirofilaria Immitis and Ehrlichia Canis in Mexico","volume":"9","author":"Movilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"217","article-title":"Detecci\u00f3n Serol\u00f3gica de Ehrlichia canis y Ehrlichia chaffeensis En Personal de Cl\u00ednicas Veterinarias En Lima Metropolitana","volume":"24","author":"Paulino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. De Investig. Vet. Del. Per\u00fa"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.24425\/pjvs.2024.149338","article-title":"First Detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa Ticks Collected from Sheep, Turkey","volume":"27","author":"Ayan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/12\/8\/771\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:29:57Z","timestamp":1760034597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/12\/8\/771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci12080771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci12080771","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2306-7381"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]}}}