{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:40:42Z","timestamp":1760060442998,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacterial contamination of intravenous catheters in hospitalized horses may pose risks for both patient care and public health due to potential antimicrobial resistance and zoonotic transmission. This prospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the incidence of catheter contamination in equine patients admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2020 and 2021. All horses requiring intravenous catheterization were included, and data were collected on patient signalment, clinical status, duration of catheterization, treatments, and outcomes. Two catheter types were used: 5 cm polytetrafluoroethylene and 11 cm polyurethane, both 14-gauge. Catheters were aseptically removed, and the distal ends were cultured on Blood Agar and Brain Heart Infusion broth. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques, and contamination was defined as any detectable bacterial growth. Of the 58 catheters collected from 52 patients, 38 (65.5%) showed bacterial growth, predominantly Staphylococcus spp. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified antibiotic treatment as significantly associated with positive bacteriological culture. These findings indicate a higher contamination rate than previously reported in horses. While colonization may not always result in clinical infection, the observed frequency of contamination underscores the need for careful catheter management and further investigation into its implications for antimicrobial stewardship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12090788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T12:31:26Z","timestamp":1755865886000},"page":"788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence of Bacterial Colonization of Intravenous Non-Permanent Venous Catheters in Hospitalized Equine Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2273-5377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Vitale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5174-7339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5292-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Bertelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8847-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6738-0354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dania","family":"Cingottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4119-7781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0294-1803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micaela","family":"Sgorbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.164.8.227","article-title":"Assessment of Subclinical Venous Catheter-related Diseases in Horses and Associated Risk Factors","volume":"164","author":"Geraghty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. 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