{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:29:29Z","timestamp":1787776169419,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Storage of Blood units determines the accumulation of harmful substances, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and free hemoglobin (fHb). These may lead to several complications, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders in recipients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of MDA and fHb in canine leukoreduced (LR) and non-leukoreduced (NLR) packed red blood cells (pRBC) during the storage period of six weeks. Blood samples were collected from six healthy adult Weimaraner dogs (three females and three males). Whole blood was stored in citrate-phosphate-dextrose saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol additive solution (CPD-SAGM) bags and, for each donor, two pRBC units (one NLR and one LR) were produced and stored at 4 \u00b0C for 42 days. Samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, and analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) using a canine-specific ELISA method, and for free hemoglobin (fHb) using the Harboe direct spectrophotometric method. The results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in MDA accumulation in LR-pRBC compared to NLR-pRBC blood units and lower values of fHb in LR at T6. However, no significant difference in fHb levels were demonstrated. These findings suggest that leukoreduction may limit oxidative stress during blood storage, reducing the potential adverse effects of transfusions related to oxidative damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12090838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:02:57Z","timestamp":1756825377000},"page":"838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Time-Dependent Changes in Malondialdehyde and Free-Hemoglobin in Leukoreduced and Non-Leukoreduced Canine Packed Red Blood Cells Units During Storage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5459-6298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Miglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Barbetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cremonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0828-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olimpia","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Toppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6204-1671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Avellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cavani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Antognoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2005.06.001","article-title":"Blood Component Transfusions","volume":"21","author":"Divers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12135","article-title":"Canine and Feline Blood Transfusions: Controversies and Recent Advances in Administration Practices","volume":"41","author":"Kisielewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mangiaterra, S., Rossi, G., Antognoni, M.T., Cerquetella, M., Marchegiani, A., Miglio, A., and Gavazza, A. (2021). Canine Blood Group Prevalence and Geographical Distribution around the World: An Updated Systematic Review. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020342"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14359","article-title":"Analysis of Pediatric Adverse Reactions to Transfusions","volume":"58","author":"Vossoughi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spinella, P.C., Carroll, C.L., Staff, I., Gross, R., Mc Quay, J., Keibel, L., Wade, C.E., and Holcomb, J.B. (2009). Duration of Red Blood Cell Storage Is Associated with Increased Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis and in Hospital Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Injuries. Crit. Care, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8050"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00387.x","article-title":"Increasing Patient Safety in Veterinary Transfusion Medicine: An Overview of Pretransfusion Testing","volume":"19","author":"Tocci","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12530","article-title":"Retrospective Evaluation of the Effect of Red Blood Cell Product Age on Occurrence of Acute Transfusion-related Complications in Dogs: 210 Cases (2010\u20132012)","volume":"27","author":"Maglaras","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13044","article-title":"Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) Transfusion Reaction Small Animal Consensus Statement (TRACS). Part 1: Definitions and Clinical Signs","volume":"31","author":"Davidow","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.03.007","article-title":"Transfusion Medicine in Small Animals","volume":"43","author":"Davidow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17031","article-title":"Effect of Leukoreduction on the Omics Phenotypes of Canine Packed Red Blood Cells during Refrigerated Storage","volume":"38","author":"Miglio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Intern. Medicne"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Can, O.M., and \u00dclgen, Y. (2018). Estimation of Free Hemoglobin Concentrations in Blood Bags by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. J. Biomed. Opt., 23.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.23.12.127001"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antognoni, M.T., Marenzoni, M.L., Misia, A.L., Avellini, L., Chiaradia, E., Gavazza, A., and Miglio, A. (2021). Effect of Leukoreduction on Hematobiochemical Parameters and Storage Hemolysis in Canine Whole Blood Units. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11040925"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bujok, J., Wajman, E., Trochanowska-Pauk, N., and Walski, T. (2022). Evaluation of Selected Hematological, Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Stored Canine CPDA-1 Whole Blood. BMC Vet. Res., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03353-x"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16039","article-title":"Effects of Leukoreduction on Storage Lesions in Whole Blood and Blood Components of Dogs","volume":"35","author":"Stefani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Intern. Medicne"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1159\/000530870","article-title":"Omics Technologies in Veterinary Medicine: Literature Review and Perspectives in Transfusion Medicine","volume":"50","author":"Miglio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transfus. Med. Hemotherapy"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"304","article-title":"Impact of Leukoreduction on the Metabolome of Ovine Packed Red Blood Cells during Refrigerated Storage: Metabolomics of Ovine Stored RBC","volume":"23","author":"Miglio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.06.032","article-title":"Effects of Pre-Storage Leukoreduction on Stored Red Blood Cells Signaling: A Time-Course Evaluation from Shape to Proteome","volume":"76","author":"Antonelou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.09.052","article-title":"Leukoreduction of Packed Red Blood Cells Attenuates Proinflammatory Properties of Storage-Derived Microvesicles","volume":"223","author":"Richter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"314","article-title":"ZOOMICS: Comparative Metabolomics of Red Blood Cells from Dogs, Cows, Horses and Donkeys during Refrigerated Storage for up to 42 Days","volume":"21","author":"Miglio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1080\/10245332.2016.1187824","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of Banked ABO Blood","volume":"21","author":"Carl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustafa, I., Al Marwani, A., Mamdouh Nasr, K., Abdulla Kano, N., and Hadwan, T. (2016). Time Dependent Assessment of Morphological Changes: Leukodepleted Packed Red Blood Cells Stored in SAGM. BioMed Res. Int., 2016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4529434"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e276","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001023","article-title":"Transfusion of Old RBCs Induces Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment","volume":"43","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2016.02.001","article-title":"Malondialdehyde Epitopes as Targets of Immunity and the Implications for Atherosclerosis","volume":"131","author":"Busch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1159\/000501285","article-title":"Age-Related Modulations in Erythrocytes under Blood Bank Conditions","volume":"46","author":"Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfus. Med. Hemother"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12326","article-title":"Leucoreduction Helps to Preserve Activity of Antioxidant Barrier Enzymes in Stored Red Blood Cell Concentrates","volume":"110","author":"Chabowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vox Sang."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.726-730","article-title":"In Vitro Assessment of Time-Dependent Changes in Red Cell Cytoplasmic Antioxidants of Donkey Blood Preserved in Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine 1 Anticoagulant","volume":"13","author":"Nnamdi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"59","article-title":"Oxidative Injury as Contributory Factor for Red Cells Storage Lesion during Twenty Eight Days of Storage","volume":"10","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1721156","article-title":"Hemoglobin Oxidation in Stored Blood Accelerates Hemolysis and Oxidative Injury to Red Blood Cells","volume":"12","author":"Mustafa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lab. Physicians"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-016-0769-5","article-title":"Study of Hemolysis During Storage of Blood in the Blood Bank of a Tertiary Health Care Centre","volume":"33","author":"Arif","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Hematol. Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002730","article-title":"Damage to Red Blood Cells during Whole Blood Storage","volume":"89","author":"Oh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001646","article-title":"Expired But Not Yet Dead: Examining the Red Blood Cell Storage Lesion in Extended-Storage Whole Blood","volume":"55","author":"Pulliam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tzounakas, V.L., Anastasiadi, A.T., Lekka, M.E., Papageorgiou, E.G., Stamoulis, K., Papassideri, I.S., Kriebardis, A.G., and Antonelou, M.H. (2022). Deciphering the Relationship Between Free and Vesicular Hemoglobin in Stored Red Blood Cell Units. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.840995"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16628919","article-title":"Change in Haematological and Selected Biochemical Parameters Measured in Feline Blood Donors and Feline Whole Blood Donated Units","volume":"19","author":"Spada","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blasi Brugu\u00e9, C., Ferreira, R.R.F., Mesa Sanchez, I., Gra\u00e7a, R.M.C., Cardoso, I.M., De Matos, A.J.F., and Ruiz De Gopegui, R. (2018). In Vitro Quality Control Analysis After Processing and during Storage of Feline Packed Red Blood Cells Units. BMC Vet. Res., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1458-4"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Wei, H.-W., Shen, H.-C., Li, Z.-Z., Cheng, Y., Duan, L.-S., Yin, L., Yu, J., and Guo, J.-R. (2020). To Study the Effect of Oxygen Carrying Capacity on Expressed Changes of Erythrocyte Membrane Protein in Different Storage Times. Biosci. Rep., 40.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20200799"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03466.x","article-title":"Transfusion of Older Stored Blood and Risk of Death: A Meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S687","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000099349.17094.A3","article-title":"Effects of Storage on Efficacy of Red Cell Transfusion: When Is It Not Safe?","volume":"31","author":"Ho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamzik, M., Hamburger, T., Petrat, F., Peters, J., De Groot, H., and Hartmann, M. (2012). Free Hemoglobin Concentration in Severe Sepsis: Methods of Measurement and Prediction of Outcome. Crit. Care, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11425"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhter, F., Womack, E., Vidal, J.E., Le Breton, Y., McIver, K.S., Pawar, S., and Eichenbaum, Z. (2020). Hemoglobin Stimulates Vigorous Growth of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Shapes the Pathogen\u2019s Global Transcriptome. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71910-1"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greite, R., Wang, L., Gohlke, L., Schott, S., Kreimann, K., Doricic, J., Leffler, A., Tudorache, I., Salman, J., and Natanov, R. (2022). Cell-Free Hemoglobin in Acute Kidney Injury after Lung Transplantation and Experimental Renal Ischemia\/Reperfusion. IJMS, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113272"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettil\u00e4, V., Westbrook, A.J., Nichol, A.D., Bailey, M.J., Wood, E.M., Syres, G., Phillips, L.E., Street, A., French, C., and Murray, L. (2011). Age of Red Blood Cells and Mortality in the Critically Ill. Crit. Care, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10142"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rifkind, J.M., Mohanty, J.G., and Nagababu, E. (2015). The Pathophysiology of Extracellular Hemoglobin Associated with Enhanced Oxidative Reactions. Front. Physiol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00500"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross, J.T., Robles, A.J., Mazer, M.B., Studer, A.C., Remy, K.E., and Callcut, R.A. (2024). Cell-Free Hemoglobin in the Pathophysiology of Trauma: A Scoping Review. Crit. Care Explor., 6.","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000001052"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2025, July 18). Ministero della Salute Dipartimento della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e dell\u2019Innovazione Linea Guida per l\u2019esercizio Delle Attivit\u00e0 Sanitarie Veterinarie Riguardanti La Produzione Di Sangue Intero e Di Emocomponenti Ad Uso Trasfusionale Nel Cane e Nel Gatto 2025. Available online: https:\/\/www.regioni.it\/news\/2025\/05\/14\/linee-guida-attivita-produzione-sangue-intero-ed-emocomponenti-ad-uso-trasfusionale-nel-cane-e-nel-gatto-accordo-17-4-2025-gazzetta-ufficiale-n-109-del-13-5-2025-661359\/."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1997.tb00486.x","article-title":"Plasma Hemoglobin Measurement Techniques for the In Vitro Evaluation of Blood Damage Caused by Medical Devices","volume":"21","author":"Malinauskas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3109\/00365515909060410","article-title":"A Method for Determination of Hemoglobin in Plasma by Near-Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry","volume":"11","author":"Harboe","year":"1959","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2004.00566.x","article-title":"A Simple Spectrophotometric Method for the Quantification of Residual Haemoglobin in Platelet Concentrates","volume":"87","author":"Cookson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vox Sang."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930097","article-title":"What Is the Source of Free Radicals Causing Hemolysis in Stored Blood?","volume":"50","author":"Racek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2013.01.006","article-title":"The Effect of Pre-Storage Whole-Blood Leukocyte Reduction on Cytokines\/Chemokines Levels in Autologous CPDA-1 Whole Blood","volume":"49","author":"Nagura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transfus. Apher. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2929","article-title":"Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury","volume":"105","author":"Silliman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e944","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004644","article-title":"Succinate Activation of SUCNR1 Predisposes Severely Injured Patients to Neutrophil-Mediated ARDS","volume":"276","author":"Nunns","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13050","article-title":"Effects of Storage and Leukocyte Reduction on the Concentration and Procoagulant Activity of Extracellular Vesicles in Canine Packed Red Cells","volume":"31","author":"Avenick","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emergen Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kusaba, A., Tago, E., Kusaba, H., and Kawasumi, K. (2024). Study of Age-Related Changes in Plasma Metabolites and Enzyme Activity of Healthy Small Dogs That Underwent Medical Checkups. Front. Vet. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1437805"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Kawasumi, K., Okada, Y., Ishikawa, S., Yamamoto, I., Arai, T., and Mori, N. (2014). Comparison of Plasma Lipoprotein Profiles and Malondialdehyde Between Hyperlipidemia Dogs with\/Without Treatment. BMC Vet. Res., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-67"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez-Montero, B., Fermin-Rodriguez, M.L., Portero-Fuentes, M., Sarquis, J., Caceres, S., Portal, J.C.I.D., Juan, L.D., Miro, G., and Cruz-Lopez, F. (2025). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-Hydroxy-2\u2019-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Levels in Canine Serum: Establishing Reference Intervals and Influencing Factors. BMC Vet. Res., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04614-1"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"13996","article-title":"Serosurvey and Enzymatic Evaluation of Canine Hepatitis B in Herding Dogs","volume":"25","author":"Nazzal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Rom. Soc. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran, L.N.T., Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez, C., and Gomez-Pastora, J. (2024). Impact of Different Red Blood Cell Storage Solutions and Conditions on Cell Function and Viability: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14070813"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"260","article-title":"Effects of Storage Time and Leucocyte Burden of Packed and Buffy-Coat Depleted Red Blood Cell Units on Red Cell Storage Lesion","volume":"8","author":"Kamel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"195","article-title":"Hemolysis during Leukocyte-Reduction Filtration of Stored Red Blood Cells","volume":"30","author":"Gammon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12770","article-title":"In Vitro Hemolysis of Stored Units of Canine Packed Red Blood Cells: Hemolysis in Stored Canine pRBC","volume":"28","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12163","article-title":"Effects of Four Additive Solutions on Canine Leukoreduced Red Cell Concentrate Quality during Storage","volume":"43","author":"Lacerda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/12\/9\/838\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:36:15Z","timestamp":1760034975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/12\/9\/838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci12090838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci12090838","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]}}}