{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:20:04Z","timestamp":1789269604822,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Baboons\u2019 management requires chemical restraint. Three intramuscular sedative protocols in captive hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) undergoing health-check and male vasectomy were compared. Animals were assigned to TZD_G (n = 17; tiletamine\/zolazepam 3 mg\/kg + dexmedetomidine 20 \u03bcg\/kg), KDM_G (n = 23; ketamine 6 mg\/kg + dexmedetomidine 30 \u03bcg\/kg + methadone 0.2 mg\/kg), or MDM_G (n = 9; midazolam 2 mg\/kg + dexmedetomidine 60 \u03bcg\/kg + methadone 0.2 mg\/kg). Propofol was titrated intravenously for anaesthetic induction and maintenance. Sedation time and quality and cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded. Atipamezole (TZD_G 0.2 mg\/kg, KDM_G 0.3 mg\/kg, MDM_G 0.6 mg\/kg) and flumazenil (MDM_G 0.02 mg\/kg) were administered intramuscularly post-procedure. Recovery time and quality were recorded. Data were reported as median (interquartile range) or regression coefficient (B). Sedation was deepest in TZD_G (20, 20\u201320; KDM_G 20, 19\u201320; MDM_G 19, 15\u201320; p = 0.017). MDM_G had a significantly higher heart rate (B = 10.27, p = 0.001), respiratory rate (B = 9.09, p &lt; 0.001), and lower end-tidal carbon dioxide (B = \u22123.00, p = 0.03) than TZD_G, while KDM_G had a lower respiratory rate than TZD_G (B = \u22123.67, p = 0.02) and a higher temperature (B = 1.66 p = 0.001). TZD_G showed the longest recovery (minutes: 19, 11.5\u201330; KDM_G: 6, 4\u201312; MDM_G: 4, 2.5\u20135; p &lt; 0.001), while MDM_G the best recovery (0, 0\u20130; TZD_G: 9, 6\u201312; KDM_G: 0, 0\u20136; p &lt; 0.001). TZD produced deepest sedation but bad recovery; KDM offered optimal sedation and recovery, and cardiopulmonary stability; MDM provided lighter sedation and excellent recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12090859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T10:55:37Z","timestamp":1756983337000},"page":"859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Three Different Balanced Sedative-Anaesthetic Protocols in Captive Baboons (Papio hamadryas)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3736-6834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Amari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5321-0410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica Alessandra","family":"Brioschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-4850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Cagnardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8847-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7558-427X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80138 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Zoo Safari Ravenna, Via dei Tre Lati 2\/X, 48125 Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Venturelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Veterinaria di Russi, Via Faentina Nord 125, 48026 Russi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2705-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Di Cesare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Zinno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoo Safari Ravenna, Via dei Tre Lati 2\/X, 48125 Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5292-8722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliano","family":"Ravasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21663","article-title":"Using Social Network Analysis to Inform on the Process of One-Male-Unit Formation of Hamadryas Baboons (Papio hamadryas) in Captivity","volume":"41","author":"Molinaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"The Rise and Fall of Tuberculosis in a Free-Ranging Chacma Baboon Troop in the Kruger National Park","volume":"67","author":"Keet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. 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