{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T10:56:24Z","timestamp":1775559384515,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers","award":["PNURSP2025R454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R454"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers","award":["RGP2\/223\/46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/223\/46"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["PNURSP2025R454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R454"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["RGP2\/223\/46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/223\/46"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University","award":["PNURSP2025R454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R454"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University","award":["RGP2\/223\/46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/223\/46"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sheep pox, caused by sheep pox virus (SPV), is a transboundary disease that threatens sheep production and trade. This study aimed to identify genetic, immunological, and biochemical markers associated with susceptibility to SPV in Barki ewes. A total of 100 adult ewes were examined, including 50 clinically healthy and 50 naturally infected animals. PCR detected SPV DNA in 60% of suspected scab samples, highlighting diagnostic challenges in field investigations. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological indices, cytokine profiles, acute phase proteins, oxidative stress biomarkers, iron metabolism, and hormonal parameters. Expression profiles and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 15 immune and antioxidant genes were characterized from cDNA-derived sequences. Infected animals exhibited microcytic hypochromic anemia, leukocytosis, elevated proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced IL-10. Acute phase proteins, oxidative stress markers, and cortisol were increased, whereas antioxidant capacity and transferrin were reduced. Twenty-three SNPs were identified, including non-synonymous variants, which showed promising but unvalidated associations with disease status. These findings highlight immune, oxidative, and genetic alterations in SPV-infected sheep, but further longitudinal and cross-validated studies are needed to establish their diagnostic or breeding utility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12090867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T10:27:12Z","timestamp":1757500032000},"page":"867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sheep Pox Susceptibility: Role of Genetic Variants, Gene Expression, and Immune-Oxidative Markers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Asmaa A.","family":"Darwish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo 11753, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huda A.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Tahoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshkh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ateya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noha A.","family":"Helmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amani A.","family":"Hafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo 11753, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2810-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan M.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7071-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khairiah M.","family":"Alwutayd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal A.","family":"Babaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0233-5539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar","family":"AL-Farga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 22233, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman A.","family":"Al-Shahari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Specialties, Basic Sciences and Their Applications Unit, Applied College at Muhayil Asir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zakaria A.","family":"Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Training Station, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani 5118 40466, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ali.","family":"Al-Duais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo 11753, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2019.103818","article-title":"Risk factors and genetic analysis of pre-weaning mortality in Barki lambs","volume":"230","author":"Sallam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livest. 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