{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:16:59Z","timestamp":1791361019459,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004944","name":"Naresuan University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R2567B037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567B037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004944","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The poultry industry requires sustainable strategies to improve gut health and nutrient utilization while reducing antibiotic use. This study assessed the effects of dietary supplementation with a microencapsulated phytosynbiotic from Yanang (Tiliacora triandra) leaf extract fermented with Pediococcus acidilactici V202 (YEP) on broiler ileal digestibility, microbial viability, and cecal fermentation using an in vitro gastrointestinal simulation model. Six YEP inclusion levels (0\u20132.5%) were tested. Results revealed significant improvements in ileal dry matter and gross energy digestibility and enhanced survival and proliferation of beneficial lactic acid bacteria in the ileum. Increased gas production, lactic acid, and volatile fatty acid concentrations, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, indicated that cecal fermentation was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. Moderate YEP levels optimized fermentation speed and butyrate synthesis, while higher levels enhanced total gas and acetate production. YEP also shifted the cecal microbiota toward a healthier profile, enhancing Lactobacillaceae counts and the Lactobacillaceae-to-Enterobacteriaceae ratio. Overall, protective microencapsulation, synergistic phytochemical interactions, and balanced nutrient supply had positive effects at the gut level. Thus, the data highlight YEP as a promising synbiotic feed additive that can enhance nutrient utilization, microbial balance, and gut health in broilers, warranting future in vivo validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12100956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T15:05:06Z","timestamp":1759763106000},"page":"956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In Vitro Three-Step Technique Assessment of a Microencapsulated Phytosynbiotic from Yanang (Tiliacora triandra) Leaf Extract Fermented with P. acidilactici V202 on Nutrient Digestibility, Cecal Fermentation, and Microbial Communities of Broilers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Manatsanun","family":"Nopparatmaitree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2730-5432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noraphat","family":"Hwanhlem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8045-0034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atichat","family":"Thongnum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna (Phitsanulok Campus), Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1586-4365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"Loor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tossaporn","family":"Incharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1416","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1416","article-title":"Climate Change and Broiler Production","volume":"10","author":"Oke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. 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