{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T02:52:15Z","timestamp":1775357535218,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) is a perennial herb native to Japan, traditionally consumed as a health-promoting food and herbal medicine. This study evaluated the antimicrobial, anti-halitosis, and anti-inflammatory effects of Ashitaba extract on canine periodontal disease (PD) caused by Porphyromonas gulae (P. gulae). In vitro, Ashitaba extract (0.006\u20130.1%) significantly inhibited P. gulae viability by up to 80% and reduced biofilm formation by approximately 10% at 0.1%. The extract also suppressed the production of volatile sulfur compounds\u2014hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan\u2014by over 80% and 40%, respectively, within 10 min. Furthermore, Ashitaba extract markedly decreased P. gulae-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1) by up to 90% in murine, canine, and human macrophage and gingival cell lines. In vivo, daily oral application of 0.05% Ashitaba-extract gel for four weeks, with or without tooth brushing, significantly improved gingivitis scores (by 40\u201360%), reduced halitosis levels, and decreased P. gulae DNA detection and enzymatic activity in dogs with PD. These findings demonstrate that Ashitaba extract possesses potent bactericidal, anti-halitosis, and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its potential as a natural adjunctive therapy for the prevention and management of canine periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12100981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T16:13:03Z","timestamp":1760717583000},"page":"981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bactericidal and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ashitaba-Extract Ameliorate the Gingivitis and Halitosis in Dogs with Porphyromonas gulae-Infected Periodontal Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Takayoshi","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So","family":"Shirahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Primo Animal Hospital Kobuchi, JPR Corporation, 4-11-45, Higashi-Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi 252-0203, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Komuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Kaneki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiharu","family":"Ohira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3510-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoki","family":"Fukuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi 252-5201, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00609.x","article-title":"Periodontal disease in research beagle dogs\u2014An epidemiological study","volume":"49","author":"Kortegaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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