{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T12:45:41Z","timestamp":1762260341718,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ULST \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases in dogs have diverse causes and may progress rapidly to life-threatening complications. This review outlines the relevant pathological conditions involving the cardiovascular system in dogs, especially the myocardium, including myocarditis caused by canine parvovirus (CPV-2), heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis), hemangiosarcoma, and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). CPV-2 affects the myocardium of puppies during the early weeks of life, leading to necrosis, fibrosis, and congestive heart failure. Heartworm disease is caused by adult D. immitis residing mainly in the pulmonary arteries, inducing pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular overload, and vascular damage, with the severity being related to the worm burden and duration of infestation. Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant vascular tumor, most frequently originating in the spleen or right atrium, often diagnosed at an advanced stage, with widespread metastases. Polyarteritis nodosa in dogs is a necrotizing, systemic vasculitis of medium-sized arteries that may affect the coronary arteries of the heart. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, though an immune-mediated mechanism is suspected. By presenting these lesions, the review underscores the many factors that can trigger cardiovascular diseases in dogs, as well as the clinical significance and the need for further research into their pathogenesis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12111060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:11:16Z","timestamp":1762254676000},"page":"1060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Canine Cardiac and Cardiovascular Pathology: Four Major Life-Threatening Non-Degenerative, Non-Hereditary Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Stancu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu-Valentin","family":"Gros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1153-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iasmina","family":"Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George-Andrei","family":"C\u0103lug\u0103ri\u021ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Gavril\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9519-8122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurelian-Sorin","family":"Pa\u0219ca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences, Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu nr. 3, 700490 Ia\u015fi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.36-1-77","article-title":"Subacute massive necrotizing myocarditis by canine parvovirus type 2 infection with diffuse leukoencephalomalacia in a puppy","volume":"36","author":"Agungpriyono","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. 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