{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:08:12Z","timestamp":1788404892249,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Orthopedic Foundation for Animals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>American Staffordshire Terriers (ASTs) with a c.296G&gt;A variant in ARSG develop progressive ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, and neuronal accumulation of autofluorescent storage material. Human subjects with ARSG variants exhibit hearing loss and rod\u2013cone dystrophy without apparent other neurological involvement and arsg knockout mice exhibit progressive ataxia, lysosomal storage, and photoreceptor loss. Owners of 8 of 11 affected ASTs evaluated for the ARSG risk variant reported observing visual impairment in their dogs, suggesting that the canine disease may involve retinal dysfunction consistent with human subjects and mice with ARSG variants. To assess whether this might be the case, electroretinography was performed on four affected and three unaffected ASTs. Three affected dogs that were exhibiting signs of ataxia had attenuated electroretinogram (ERG) amplitudes indicative of rod and cone photoreceptor dysfunction, while ERG responses were not attenuated in a younger dog that had not yet shown signs of ataxia or visual impairment. Autofluorescent inclusions were observed in the retinal pigment epithelium and retinal ganglion cell layer of two affected dogs that were euthanized due to neurological disease progression. The results from these cases indicate that standardized electroretinography can be used to detect retinal dysfunction in dogs with the ARSG-related disorder and in other disorders in which dogs exhibit apparent impairment in visually mediated behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12111078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T10:56:47Z","timestamp":1762945007000},"page":"1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retinal Function Deficits in American Staffordshire Terriers with a Late-Onset Neurodegenerative Disease Associated with an ARSG Variant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Grace R.","family":"Kick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Marzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juri","family":"Ota-Kuroki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garrett","family":"Bullock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canine Genetics Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2582-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin L.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"},{"name":"Canine Genetics Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14775","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914206107","article-title":"A Canine Arylsulfatase G (ARSG) Mutation Leading to a Sulfatase Deficiency Is Associated with Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis","volume":"107","author":"Abitbol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. 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