{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T10:58:22Z","timestamp":1763117902885,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sustainable Food Systems Ireland, Ministry for Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Republic of Ireland","award":["VIPFAST-NIVR-18012024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VIPFAST-NIVR-18012024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenic potential of the 2024 Vietnam PRRSV genotype 2 (NA01\/2024, isolate). Fifteen 6-week-old piglets were intramuscularly inoculated with 1 \u00d7 105.5 TCID50\/mL of PRRSV, while fifteen control piglets remained uninfected. Blood and nasal swabs were collected every 3 days until 21 days post-infection (dpi). Necropsies were performed on piglets at 6, 15, and 21 dpi. Infected piglets exhibited fever, blue ear, weight loss, respiratory distress, diarrhea, and leucopenia between 3 and 12 dpi. PRRSV was detected in serum and nasal secretions up to 21 dpi, peaking between 6 and 9 dpi. Seroconversion began at 6 dpi, with the highest antibody titers at 21 dpi. Virus load was highest in lung tissues at all intervals, while the spleen and lymph nodes showed higher viral load at later stages. Routine blood tests indicated a slight decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and reticulocytes, along with a notable increase in monocytes in infected piglets. Cytokine levels (IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, and IL-10) in serum and lung tissues were significantly higher in infected piglets compared to controls. Additionally, the PRRSV infection triggered innate immune responses, including cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines in whole blood and tissues such as IFN-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, etc. These findings highlight the pathogenicity of the Vietnam PRRSV NA01\/2024 isolate and its impact on the immune response, providing insights into PRRSV infection mechanisms and strategies for prevention and control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12111084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T10:07:03Z","timestamp":1763114823000},"page":"1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Pathogenetic and Immunological Properties of a Vietnamese Isolate of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus of Vietnam in Experimentally Infected Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hiep Van","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Sub-Department of Livestock and Animal Health, Thanh Hoa Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, 63 Le Van Huu, Tan Son, Thanh Hoa 440000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2472-8165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anh Duc","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nhu Thi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoai Thi","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5820-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hieu Minh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7298-9456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quoc Khanh","family":"Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linh Phuong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kien Van","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Department of Livestock and Animal Health, Thanh Hoa Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, 63 Le Van Huu, Tan Son, Thanh Hoa 440000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9098-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao Thi","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le Thi Hai","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Nghe An University, 51 Ly Tu Trong, Ha Huy Tap, Vinh 460000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuong Dinh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Nghe An University, 51 Ly Tu Trong, Ha Huy Tap, Vinh 460000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha Thi Thanh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0006-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoang Vu","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(96)80071-6","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): A review, with emphasis on pathological, virological and diagnostic aspects","volume":"152","author":"Done","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. 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