{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:56:33Z","timestamp":1784681793432,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["(2024YFD1800202)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2024YFD1800202)"]}]},{"name":"Study on Key Technologies for Conservation of Wild Giant Panda Populations and Its Habitats within Giant Panda National Park System","award":["(CGF2024001)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(CGF2024001)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence and global dissemination of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) represent a major public health concern. However, the characterization and capacity for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ESBL-E. coli in captive black bears remain substantially understudied. In the present study, 19 ESBL-E. coli strains were successfully identified (13.38%, 19\/142). A total of 11 sequence types (STs) were identified from 19 ESBL-E. coli strains using MLST. This included eight known types (ST10, ST2690, ST208, ST695, ST4160, ST540, ST3865 and ST2792) and three new STs. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that all 19 ESBL-E. coli exhibited high resistance to KZ (100.00%), CRO (78.95%), and CTX (73.68%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for 14 \u03b2-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their variants revealed that blaCTX-M was the most prevalent, followed by blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaDHA. Furthermore, eight \u03b2-lactamase variants were detected, including five blaCTX-M variants (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCTX-M-27) and one variant each of blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, and blaDHA-14. Conjugation assays revealed that eight ESBL-E. coli strains were capable of conjugative transfer. Five plasmid types (IncFII, IncW, IncFrepB, IncY, and IncHI1) and three mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (IS26, ISEcp1, and trbC) were identified as co-transferred with blaCTX-M. ESBL-E. coli poses a potential threat to captive black bears and may lead to further transmission. Consequently, the implementation of continuous surveillance and targeted interventions is imperative to prevent the transmission of ESBL-E. coli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12111085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T11:49:43Z","timestamp":1763120983000},"page":"1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["ESBL-Producing E. coli in Captive Black Bears: Molecular Characteristics and Risk of Dissemination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human 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