{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:36:52Z","timestamp":1788212212536,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System","award":["JATS [2023]449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JATS [2023]449"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research was conducted to evaluate the safety and effects of two probiotic candidate strains, Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and B. fragilis (BF), which were isolated from healthy sheep, on various factors such as intestinal structure, growth performance, organ indices, and gut microbiota in female C57BL\/6J mice. A total of fifty mice were categorized into five groups: BF108, BF109, EF108, EF109, and a control group. The results indicated that mice in the EF108 and BF109 groups experienced a significant increase in body weight by day 28 compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the liver index in the BF108 and EF108 groups was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) than that of the control group. The length of the colon was also significantly greater (p &lt; 0.05) in the EF109 and BF109 groups relative to the control group. According to the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), the presence of probiotics led to an increased relative abundance of Pediococcus acidilactici in the EF109 and BF109 groups, while Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was the most prevalent strain in the EF108 and BF108 groups. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between Bacillota and Bacteroidota as well as Verrucomicrobiota. Additionally, Bacteroidota displayed positive relationships with Verrucomicrobiota and Planctomycetota, while showing a negative correlation with Actinomycetota and Gemmatimonadota, supporting its potential use as next-generation probiotics. In summary, our results indicate probiotics may have a role in promoting intestinal health by enhancing intestinal shape and histological characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12111093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:24:58Z","timestamp":1763375098000},"page":"1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Bacteroides fragilis and Enterococcus faecium Administration as Probiotic Candidates: Impact on Growth Performance, Organ Indices, and Gut Microbiota Balance in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0380-9712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Osman Abdalrahem","family":"Essa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Albutana University, Rufaa 22217, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7597-1528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geng-Yu","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layla Ahmed Mohammed","family":"Abdelhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huda Ahmed","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saniya","family":"Yaqoob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saber Y.","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8993-3507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hosameldeen Mohamed","family":"Husien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Albutana University, Rufaa 22217, Sudan"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1314-8066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (<i>Al-Shatby<\/i>), Alexandria University, Alexandria City 11865, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gholami, H., Chmiel, J.A., Burton, J.P., and Maleki Vareki, S. 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