{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T10:01:32Z","timestamp":1763978492761,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand","award":["KKU Vet. Res. VM 01\/2567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KKU Vet. Res. VM 01\/2567"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Combined intraperitoneal and incisional block provides effective perioperative analgesia but is limited in clinical practice. Intravenous lidocaine offers an alternative, although its analgesic efficacy remains controversial. This study compared the postoperative analgesic efficacy of lidocaine intravenous infusion with combined intraperitoneal and incisional lidocaine splash in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Thirty female dogs were randomized to intravenous infusion (IV), intraperitoneal and incisional splash (IP + SP), or control (C). Anesthesia included intramuscular acepromazine (0.03 mg\/kg), intravenous propofol (4\u20136 mg\/kg), isoflurane maintenance, and fentanyl (2 \u00b5g\/kg) intravenous pre-incision. Group IV received intravenous lidocaine 2 mg\/kg and then 50 \u03bcg\/kg\/min infusion. Group IP + SP received lidocaine 4 mg\/kg intraperitoneally intraoperatively and 2 mg\/kg as an incisional splash before skin closure. Controls received saline. Postoperative pain was assessed using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale\u2014Short Form and analyzed using a linear mixed model. At 60 min, pain scores were 1.2 \u00b1 0.4 (IP + SP), 1.6 \u00b1 0.7 (IV), and 3.0 \u00b1 2.8 (C) and at 120 min 1.3 \u00b1 0.5, 1.4 \u00b1 0.7, and 2.3 \u00b1 0.8, respectively. Both treatments had significantly lower scores than controls (p = 0.004); IV and IP + SP did not differ. Therefore, intravenous lidocaine infusion may be an option for early postoperative analgesia in canine ovariohysterectomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12121116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T09:02:07Z","timestamp":1763974927000},"page":"1116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Postoperative Analgesic Evaluation of Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion or a Combination of Intraperitoneal and Incisional Lidocaine Splash in Female Dogs Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wanwisa","family":"Chaoum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piyasak","family":"Wipoosak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1408-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suvaluk","family":"Seesupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2950-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedict Duncan X.","family":"Lascelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research in Pain Program, Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA"},{"name":"Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA"},{"name":"Thurston Arthritis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3355-3042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supranee","family":"Jitpean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2252-2956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naruepon","family":"Kampa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1372-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanikul","family":"Srithunyarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(08)70004-4","article-title":"Pain assessment and general approach to management","volume":"30","author":"Mathews","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. 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