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Current estimates indicate that over 70% of animal disease risks stem from viral infections, primarily transmitted via aerosol pathways. Such aerosol-mediated transmission not only triggers concentrated disease outbreaks within farms but also endangers farm workers and adjacent environments, thereby amplifying prevention challenges and substantially impeding the sustainable development of livestock industries. Therefore, this review systematically expounds the sources, hazards, and influencing factors of microbial aerosols in livestock farming environments. Furthermore, it proposes targeted prevention and control measures to address these challenges, aiming to provide theoretical and practical insights for enhancing disease prevention and promoting the healthy development of the livestock industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12121147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T08:49:22Z","timestamp":1764665362000},"page":"1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Microbial Aerosols in Livestock Farming Environment: A Threat That Cannot Be Ignored"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3000-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1560-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4489-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1238-0621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueyan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.61.8.882","article-title":"Characteristics of microbial aerosols released from chicken and swine feces","volume":"61","author":"Chien","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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