{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:47:27Z","timestamp":1785523647053,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003653","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ER210101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ER210101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003653","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ER210300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ER210300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["2025-RISE-05-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-RISE-05-011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2025-0221738140982119420101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-0221738140982119420101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024-GJ-RD-0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-GJ-RD-0033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Migratory birds travel long distances and interact with diverse environments, making them potential reservoirs and disseminators of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study investigated the species distribution of migratory birds, bacterial isolates from bird internal organs, and the corresponding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in South Korea. A total of 35 bird carcasses representing 20 species were collected from five major stopover sites on the Sinan-gun islands along the East Asian\u2013Australasian Flyway. More than half of the sampled birds belonged to the genus Emberiza, reflecting the prevalence of small migratory passerines in coastal habitats. From these carcasses, 54 bacterial isolates belonging to 24 species were identified, including Enterococcus spp., coliforms such as Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli, and opportunistic pathogens including Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Serratia spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 18 isolates (33.3%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Enterococcus isolates displayed high resistance to tigecycline and daptomycin, and two vancomycin-resistant strains were identified. Coliform isolates were resistant to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, and colistin. The two E. coli strains exhibited concurrent carbapenem\u2013colistin resistance, posing a significant public health concern. These findings provide the first organ-level AMR dataset for migratory birds in South Korea and highlight the potential role of small passerines as ecological sentinels of environmental contamination. The detection of MDR strains underscores the need to integrate wildlife surveillance into One Health strategies for AMR monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12121157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T13:53:30Z","timestamp":1764856410000},"page":"1157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ecological Diversity of Migratory Birds and Their Associated Bacterial Species in South Korea: A Preliminary Study Including Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hyungju","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeollanamdo Veterinary Service Laboratory, Gangjin 59213, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1029-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Do","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5545-4464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaewoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0943-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon Jeong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4619-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo-Yuel","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wings Co., Ltd. 807, Industry-Academic Cooperation Center 1, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seulgi","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wings Co., Ltd. 807, Industry-Academic Cooperation Center 1, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1273-9002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gi-Chang","family":"Bing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human & Nature Institute (HNI), 115-1704, Sejong-si 30124, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bock-Gie","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1703-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong-Bin","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9765-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Sung","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Bong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7831-5905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang-Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-0324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Ik","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144551","article-title":"Evidence for continental-scale dispersal of antimicrobial resistant bacteria by landfill-foraging gulls","volume":"764","author":"Ahlstrom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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