{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:22:17Z","timestamp":1785216137352,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Program","award":["2022B02056-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B02056-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study characterized the rumen microbiota of Duolang sheep, a Xinjiang local breed, to identify potential probiotics for Hu sheep. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that Duolang sheep possessed a distinct rumen microbial structure (beta-diversity, p &lt; 0.05), lower diversity (higher Simpson index, p &lt; 0.01), and a higher Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio compared to Hu sheep. Subsequently, a Duolang-derived strain, Ligilactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) KS1018, was evaluated in a 56-day feeding trial with Hu sheep. Supplementation enhanced systemic immunity (serum IgG and IgM) and antioxidant status (SOD) (p &lt; 0.05). Metabolic profiles were also modified, with serum \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level increasing significantly in both medium-dose (p &lt; 0.001) and high-dose (p &lt; 0.05) groups, whereas BUN and lipid markers (TG, CHOL) elevated significantly in the medium-dose (p &lt; 0.05) and high-dose group (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. The strain with medium- and high-dose also reduced fecal crude fat (p &lt; 0.01) and influenced mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) by increasing levels in the duodenum while decreasing them in the rumen (p &lt; 0.05). Ruminal histology was also altered (p &lt; 0.01). Spearman\u2019s correlation analysis showed that Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 was positively correlated with serum BUN (p &lt; 0.001), IgM (p &lt; 0.05), BHB (p &lt; 0.01), and SOD (p &lt; 0.01). Overall, L. salivarius KS1018 improved antioxidant capacity, systemic and mucosal immunity, and ruminal structure in Hu sheep, demonstrating its potential to influence host\u2013microbe interactions in livestock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12121177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:20:57Z","timestamp":1765369257000},"page":"1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Host-Adapted Ruminal Microbiota Investigation and Functional Validation of Duolang Sheep-Derived Ligilactobacillus salivarius KS1018"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4121-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Asman Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Kashgar 844100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1361-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Ruminal Microbiota-Host Interaction and Its Effect on Nutrient Metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. 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