{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:26:23Z","timestamp":1790904383468,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00772\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00772\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a common orthopedic condition characterized by joint laxity, abnormal femoral head development, and osteoarthritis. Radiography remains the gold standard in diagnosis; however, ultrasonography (US) can detect changes in bone and periarticular soft tissue earlier in CHD progression. Forty-four hips from twenty-two adult dogs of various breeds were graded according to the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Cynologique Internationale (FCI) grading system, and grouped as normal (A, B) or dysplastic (C, D, E). Canine hip US evaluation, using the ventral femoral head\u2013neck approach, included the following: capsule thickness at the femoral head index (CTFHi) and capsule thickness at the femoral head\u2013neck index (CTFHNi), both measured in mm\/body weight \u00d7 100; femoral head shape score (FHSs) and femoral head\u2013neck transition score (FHNTs); and osteophyte score (Os). These findings were evaluated qualitatively and then converted into numerical scores. Twenty-three hips were graded on the FCI system as being normal, and twenty-one as dysplastic. Median values of the US parameters CTFHi, CTFHNi, FHSs, FHNTs, and Os were 2.02, 7.79, 1.00, 1.00, and 0.00 in the normal-hips group, and 3.11, 9.32, 3.00, 2.00, and 1.00 in the dysplastic-hips group. Significant differences were observed between most US parameters evaluated. Strong associations were found between CTFHi, FHNTs, and Os, indicating progressive bone remodeling. These findings support US usage as a potential tool for CHD diagnosis and monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T12:22:27Z","timestamp":1766578947000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Canine Hip Dysplasia: Comparison with FCI Radiographic Scoring System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8515-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV, Center for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9842-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Alves-Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV, Center for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4879-8624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV, Center for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Ginja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV, Center for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willemsen, K., M\u00f6ring, M.M., Harlianto, N.I., Tryfonidou, M.A., van der Wal, B.C.H., Weinans, H., Meij, B.P., and Sakkers, R.J.B. 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