{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T12:42:31Z","timestamp":1768221751827,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Proyecto Misi\u00f3n Ciencias, MinCyt, Venezuela"},{"name":"PAHOGen, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) regional genomic surveillance network"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Madariaga virus (MADV), formerly known as the South American variant of Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEEV), is an alphavirus that belongs to the Togaviridae family and has been periodically infecting equids in Venezuela since its first identification in 1975. This study reports the isolation and molecular characterization of MADV isolated from a horse in December 2024 in the context of MADV cases reported in Venezuela. Methods: Antibodies to the rabies virus were detected by indirect immunofluorescence, and to the Equine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV) by passive immunodiffusion. MADV RNA was detected by qRT-PCR. The sequence of the complete viral genome was obtained by next-generation sequencing. Results: The sequence of this virus was highly similar to that of the only human case of MADV reported in the country in 2016, as well as to a sequence of a virus isolated from a horse in Colombia in 2002. The horse was found to be co-infected with EIAV. Conclusions: The continuous circulation of MADV in Venezuela warrants reinforcing the preventive measures against these alphaviruses, which ignore borders, and may cause important animal and human health concerns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13010071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T09:13:01Z","timestamp":1768209181000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolation of Madariaga Virus (MADV) in a Horse Coinfected with Equine Infectious Anemia in Venezuela: A Review of MADV Circulation in the Country"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9956-5786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domingo","family":"Garzaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro de Microbiolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Caracas 1020, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nardraka","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud Animal Integrada, Maracay 2101, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0556-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gladys","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Laboratorio de Arbovirus-CENIAP\/INIA, Maracay 2101, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilmer","family":"Alcazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud Animal Integrada, Maracay 2101, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisol","family":"Gualdron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud Animal Integrada, Maracay 2101, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alejandro","family":"Siem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud Animal Integrada, Maracay 2101, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoneira","family":"Sulbaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro de Microbiolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Caracas 1020, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro de Microbiolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Caracas 1020, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Liprandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda de Virus, Centro de Microbiolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Caracas 1020, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4816-1378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossana C.","family":"Jaspe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro de Microbiolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Caracas 1020, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-6883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flor H.","family":"Pujol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro de Microbiolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Caracas 1020, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2023.0162","article-title":"Uncertainties Surrounding Madariaga Virus, a Member of the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Complex","volume":"24","author":"Magalhaes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonilla-Aldana, D.K., Bonilla Carvajal, C.D., Moreno-Ramos, E., Barboza, J.J., and Rodriguez-Morales, A.J. 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