{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:52:04Z","timestamp":1790344324554,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025JBFZ07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JBFZ07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023TD40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD40"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-46"]}]},{"name":"Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2023ZD04065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD04065"]}]},{"name":"support funds for the breeding of tilapia","award":["2130315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2130315"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salinity stress represents a critical environmental constraint that significantly limits the development of tilapia aquaculture in brackish water environments. Its substantial impacts on fundamental physiological processes in fish, particularly osmotic balance, energy metabolism, and antioxidant defense mechanisms, have become a major scientific concern in aquaculture research. To systematically elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to salinity stress and to test the hypothesis that it adapts through metabolic reprogramming for energy reallocation under such conditions, this study employed an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. Through a rigorously controlled experimental design with freshwater (0\u2030) as the control group and brackish water (24\u2030) as the experimental group, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of dynamic changes in gene expression profiles and metabolite spectra in the liver tissues of experimental fish. The study yielded the following key findings: First, salinity stress significantly suppressed growth performance indicators, including body weight and length, while simultaneously inducing extensive transcriptomic restructuring and profound metabolic remodeling in liver tissue. A total of 1529 differentially expressed genes (including 399 up-regulated and 1130 down-regulated genes) and 127 significantly differential metabolites were identified. Second, the organism achieved strategic reallocation of energy resources through coordinated suppression of multiple energy-consuming anabolic pathways, particularly steroid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism, with the remarkable down-regulation of Fasn, a key gene in the fatty acid synthesis pathway, being especially prominent. Energy-sensing and metabolic homeostasis regulatory networks played a central coordinating role in this process, guiding the organism through metabolic reprogramming by regulating downstream metabolic nodes. From a multi-omics integrative perspective, this study provides in-depth insights into the sophisticated metabolic remodeling and energy allocation strategies employed by GIFT to cope with salinity stress. These findings, particularly the suppression of fatty acid biosynthesis and the reprogramming of glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis pathways, not only elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which teleosts achieve environmental adaptation through energy reallocation, but also provide actionable molecular targets for the selective breeding of salinity-resilient tilapia strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13010105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T11:11:17Z","timestamp":1768993877000},"page":"105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multi-Omics Analysis Provides Insights into the Key Regulatory Pathways of Energy Metabolism in GIFT Under Salinity Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"},{"name":"Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"},{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1014-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binglin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"},{"name":"Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"},{"name":"Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"},{"name":"Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6511-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinglin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"},{"name":"Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2723-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"},{"name":"Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"},{"name":"Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3842-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"},{"name":"Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(99)00226-4","article-title":"Salinity Tolerance of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta at Different Salinity and Temperature Levels","volume":"181","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2010.10.006","article-title":"Environmentally Induced Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Animals","volume":"101","author":"Lushchak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquat. 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