{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T19:25:38Z","timestamp":1769282738510,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cornea is essential for proper ocular function, yet its histological structure varies considerably among animal species. Of particular importance are the palisades of Vogt in the limbal region, as they serve as a niche for limbal epithelial stem cells involved in corneal epithelial regeneration. This study was conducted on 73 eyeballs collected from 18 species of non-human primates originating from the Wroc\u0142aw Zoological Garden (Poland). Eyeballs were fixed, processed, and embedded in paraffin. Four-micrometer sections were stained with Mayer\u2019s H&amp;E and PAS. Microscopically, the cornea showed either a four-layered pattern (anterior corneal epithelium, corneal stroma, Descemet\u2019s membrane, posterior corneal epithelium) or a five-layered pattern when Bowman\u2019s layer was present. A four-layered cornea occurred in the ring-tailed lemur, gray mouse lemur, Guianan squirrel monkey, Angolan colobus, and L\u2019Hoest\u2019s monkey, while the remaining species showed a five-layered structure with Bowman\u2019s layer. The anterior corneal epithelium varied between species in thickness and number of cell layers (central region: 2\u20133 to 10\u201315 layers; 11.81 \u00b1 0.43 \u00b5m to 44.23 \u00b1 0.69 \u00b5m; peripheral region: 4\u20135 to 9\u201311 layers; 8.63 \u00b1 2.57 \u00b5m to 42.45 \u00b1 8.61 \u00b5m). Bowman\u2019s layer ranged from 1.18 \u00b1 0.01 \u00b5m to 3.22 \u00b1 0.05 \u00b5m. The corneal stroma thickness differed markedly (237.96 \u00b1 9.64 \u00b5m to 1438.29 \u00b1 16.38 \u00b5m), as did Descemet\u2019s membrane (4.92 \u00b1 0.20 \u00b5m to 43.45 \u00b1 0.49 \u00b5m), along with PAS reaction intensity. In the limbus, palisades of Vogt ranged from weakly to clearly developed; well-defined crypt-like structures were observed in the red-bellied lemur, red ruffed lemur, black-and-white ruffed lemur, Guianan squirrel monkey, L\u2019Hoest\u2019s monkey, Celebes crested macaque, and yellow baboon. The limbal epithelium also varied in thickness (5\u20136 to 15\u201317 cell layers). These results confirm distinct species-specific differences in corneal and limbal morphology that may reflect ecological conditions and functional adaptation. The presented data provides a comparative reference for veterinary ophthalmology and for studies on corneal epithelial regeneration involving limbal stem cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13010109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:16:59Z","timestamp":1769159819000},"page":"109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Histology of the Cornea and Palisades of Vogt in Various Non-Human Primates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1154-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kle\u0107kowska-Nawrot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Anatomy, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Ko\u017cuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9079-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Chr\u00f3szcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Anatomy, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Ko\u017cuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1883-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abit","family":"Akta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6230-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Paszta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw Zoological Garden, Z. Wr\u00f3blewskiego 1-5, 51-618 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4412-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Go\u017adziewska-Har\u0142ajczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Anatomy, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Ko\u017cuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4296-3174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Poradowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Anatomy, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Ko\u017cuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature (2017). 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