{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:24:42Z","timestamp":1789151082466,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015690","name":"Padjadjaran University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["4303\/ B3\/DT.03.08\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4303\/ B3\/DT.03.08\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015690","name":"Padjadjaran University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["3927\/UN6. RKT\/HK.07.00\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3927\/UN6. RKT\/HK.07.00\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015690","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5317\/UN6.C\/PT.02\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5317\/UN6.C\/PT.02\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB), predominantly caused by Mycobacterium bovis, remains an underrecognized public health threat in many low- and middle-income countries. Although global estimates suggest that zTB accounts for approximately 1\u20131.5% of all human tuberculosis cases, limited molecular diagnostic capacity and underreporting likely obscure its true burden. In Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, increasing detection of bovine tuberculosis in dairy and beef production systems\u2014combined with high rates of raw milk consumption, informal slaughtering practices, and weak intersectoral surveillance\u2014may amplify the risk of human exposure. Co-infections in livestock, including mastitis and respiratory pathogens, further complicate clinical detection and may enhance bacterial shedding. This review synthesises global and national epidemiological patterns of zTB, describes major transmission pathways at the human\u2013animal interface, and examines interactions between M. bovis infection and other livestock diseases. Critical gaps in diagnostics, surveillance integration, and food-safety regulation are identified. Strengthening One Health approaches through improved laboratory capacity, coordinated public\u2013animal health systems, and enhanced risk mitigation along dairy and beef value chains is essential to reduce the burden of zTB in Indonesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13030237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T12:39:56Z","timestamp":1772455196000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Zoonotic Tuberculosis as a One Health Challenge: Global Evidence, Transmission Dynamics, and Policy Gaps in Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6437-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyagita","family":"Hartady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9482-519X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal Amri","family":"Satrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syahrul","family":"Maulana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dwi Wahyuda","family":"Wira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7587-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Endang Yuni","family":"Setyowati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4142-0418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annas","family":"Salleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farnia, P., Velayati, A.A., Ghanavi, J., and Farnia, P. 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