{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:09:25Z","timestamp":1774278565699,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The number of confiscated CITES-listed animals has increased dramatically worldwide, creating significant health, logistical, and resource challenges for responsible authorities. Rescue centers represent a scientific and humanitarian response to this challenge, providing solutions through rehabilitation, research, and environmental education. This postmortem survey provides information on disease and mortality during a four-year period, in confiscated CITES-listed birds and reptiles housed in an authorized rescue center. A total of 29 animals (17 birds and 12 reptiles) were examined by necropsy and histopathology. Infectious disease accounted for the mortality of 58.8% of birds and 49.8% of reptiles, with overrepresentation of bacterial disease in both groups. Lesions consisted mainly of granulomas in multiple organs. Suspected viral disease occurred in 23.3% of birds, and protozoal infections were found in 17.3% of birds. Systemic disease caused by an unknown haemosporozoan was the cause of death in a Lonchura oryzivora. An unknown infectious agent was associated with renal disease in a Ctenosaura sp. Gout secondary to dehydration was overrepresented in reptiles (33.3%). This study highlights the complexity of disease processes affecting confiscated birds and reptiles in CITES rescue settings and provides invaluable information for other rescue centers that may impact the success of conservation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13030306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:53:34Z","timestamp":1774274014000},"page":"306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diseases and Mortality in Confiscated Birds and Reptiles Housed in a Wildlife Rescue Center Under the CITES Directive"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aurora","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n Rabanal","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Hidalgo-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIEB Foundation (Foundation for Research in Ethology and Biodiversity), 45112 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"Aranda V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"FIEB Foundation (Foundation for Research in Ethology and Biodiversity), 45112 Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Tragsatec, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2513-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paloma Jimena","family":"de Andr\u00e9s Gamazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda de los \u00c1ngeles","family":"Jim\u00e9nez Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.08.056","article-title":"Wildlife trade","volume":"31","author":"Hughes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. 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