{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T10:11:12Z","timestamp":1778580672002,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fonds Sp\u00e9ciaux pour la Recherche Facultaires","award":["3328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3328"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) may lead to detrusor decompensation through progressive bladder remodeling. Most experimental studies rely on acutely induced BOO in rodents. Since progressive obstruction better reflects the condition, non-lethal models are needed to investigate chronic obstruction pathophysiology and evaluate regenerative therapies. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate (1) a progressive BOO model induced by an artificial urethral sphincter (AUS) in 2 dogs and (2) the systemic administration of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) after obstruction release. Two intact male dogs underwent progressive BOO through gradual AUS inflation. Longitudinal assessment included telemetric urodynamic monitoring, urethral pressure profilometry, ultrasonography, post-void residual measurement, oxidative stress markers in serial blood samples and serial bladder biopsies for histology, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and RNA sequencing (CCL2, CCR2, GFAP, VEGF, HGF). After AUS removal, one dog received three intravenous injections of 20 \u00d7 106 PKH26-labelled autologous ADMSCs. BOO induced functional changes (increased detrusor pressure and urethral resistance, decreased urinary flow, prolonged voiding). No detrusor decompensation or fibrosis comparable to the human condition developed, encouraging refinement of this model. ADMSCs appeared to reach the bladder wall safely, but any influence on the glutathione redox system and CCL2 protein expression needs to be confirmed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13050460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:49:09Z","timestamp":1778572149000},"page":"460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Pilot Study of Progressive Urethral Sub-Obstruction in a Canine Model: Bladder Functional and Structural Changes and Exploratory Evaluation of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Porato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Teaching and Clinical Practice, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9212-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"No\u00ebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Teaching and Clinical Practice, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Antoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2314-9794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Bolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Teaching and Clinical Practice, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Pincemail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Boulevard de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6096-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutien-Marie","family":"Garigliany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"de Leval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital, Boulevard de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"Piret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Decortis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Teaching and Clinical Practice, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annick","family":"Hamaide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Teaching and Clinical Practice, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23897","article-title":"On behalf of the Standardisation Steering Committee ICS and the ICS Working Group on Terminology for Male Lower Urinary Tract & Pelvic Floor Symptoms and Dysfunction. 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