{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:13:01Z","timestamp":1782227581570,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sustained increase in bacterial resistance has driven the search for therapeutic alternatives that may help reduce antibiotic use, particularly in empirical treatments. In this context, topical ophthalmic antiseptics have emerged as effective and safe tools, suitable for both perioperative prophylaxis and the management of mild or superficial ocular diseases. Their broad spectrum of activity\u2014encompassing bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa\u2014together with the low likelihood of inducing resistance, establishes them as valuable partners in daily clinical practice. This article reviews the current evidence on the use of antiseptics in veterinary ophthalmology, focusing on their clinical applications, therapeutic benefits, and limitations. It also highlights the need for further studies to establish species-specific, disease-specific, and context-based protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13050461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:49:09Z","timestamp":1778572149000},"page":"461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Beyond Antibiotics: The Expanding Role of Non-Antibiotic Therapies in Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-0946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Leiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d\u2019Oftalmologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari, Carrer del Hospital s\/n, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria, Travessera dels Turons s\/n, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6513-0397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Vilao Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d\u2019Oftalmologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari, Carrer del Hospital s\/n, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3705-4128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Gaztelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d\u2019Oftalmologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari, Carrer del Hospital s\/n, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8809-5566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d\u2019Oftalmologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari, Carrer del Hospital s\/n, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria, Travessera dels Turons s\/n, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"738","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from canine urinary tract infection","volume":"51","author":"Penna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. 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