{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:19:26Z","timestamp":1789435166733,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maropitant has been proposed as an adjunct for pain relief in dogs undergoing surgeries like ovariohysterectomy (OVH), but its effectiveness has not yet been definitively proven. This study aimed to assess the intraoperative analgesic effect of intravenously administered maropitant citrate at a constant rate infusion through monitoring parasympathetic tone activity in female dogs undergoing OVH. Thirty healthy females of various breeds, with an average age of 3.8 \u00b1 2.7 years, an average weight of 16.75 \u00b1 10.68 kg, were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. The group receiving maropitant (GMaro, n = 15) was given a 1 mg kg\u22121 maropitant bolus intravenously (IV), followed by a continuous infusion of 100 mcg kg\u22121 min\u22121. The lidocaine group (GLido, n = 15) received a 2 mg\/kg lidocaine IV bolus, with subsequent infusion at 50 mcg kg\u22121 min\u22121. Cardiorespiratory variables and the PTA index were evaluated at 11 anesthetic time points. Overall, cardiovascular variables such as Heart Rate (HR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) significantly decreased during anesthesia induction in the GMaro (p = 0.0001; p = 0.01, respectively) and in GLido (p = 0.01). Differences between groups during induction were observed in HR (p = 0.03), SAP (p = 0.04), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (p = 0.03). MAP showed significant changes from baseline at the start of surgery and during clamping in both GMaro (p = 0.03) and GLido (p = 0.003). Regarding ventilatory variables\u2014pulse oximetry (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2)\u2014no group differences were found, but RR (GMaro; p = 0.001, GLido; p = 0.0001) and SpO2 (GMaro; p = 0.004, GLido; p = 0.04) differed significantly from baseline due to the controlled clinical setting. During anesthesia maintenance, end-tidal isoflurane (ETIso) increased significantly in the GLido (p = 0.009), with no difference between groups (p = 0.94). Finally, only the PTA energy variable showed a significant decrease in the GMaro (p = 0.0006), and a significant difference in this parameter was observed during right ovarian pedicle manipulation between groups (p = 0.02). In conclusion, continuous intravenous infusion of maropitant citrate at 100 mcg kg\u22121 h\u22121 effectively reduced the sympathetic response related to nociception, similar to lidocaine, in healthy female dogs undergoing OVH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13050463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:44:26Z","timestamp":1778658266000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of Maropitant Citrate Effectiveness as an Intraoperative Analgesic Through Monitoring Parasympathetic Tone Activity in Female Dogs Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Areli","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitl\u00e1n 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5933-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Interlandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agatha Elisa","family":"Miranda Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology of Substances of Veterinary Interest, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuautitl\u00e1n 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3923-5926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navid","family":"Ziaei-Darounkolaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bab.C., Islamic Azad University, Babol 47167-13311, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Casas-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitl\u00e1n 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Yedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology in Dogs and Cats, Specialty Veterinary Hospital, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4271-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismael","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Avalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitl\u00e1n 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.05.004","article-title":"The Neurobiology of Acute Pain","volume":"237","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. 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