{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T03:02:38Z","timestamp":1779678158567,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Innovacion a la Competitividad","award":["40048446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40048446"]}]},{"name":"Region del Libertador Bernardo O\u2019Higgins","award":["IDI 40048446-0 (GR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDI 40048446-0 (GR)"]}]},{"name":"ANID-Fondecyt","award":["11250730 (CH)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11250730 (CH)"]}]},{"name":"ANID\u2014Programa Becas\u2014Doctorado Nacional 2021","award":["21210211 (RP)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21210211 (RP)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are an increasing concern for wildlife health, particularly in eutrophic wetlands, yet well-documented avian cases supported by environmental, pathological, and toxicological evidence remain scarce. This study describes a sentinel case of probable microcystin toxicosis in a Red-gartered coot (Fulica armillata) from Laguna Petrel, a protected coastal wetland in central Chile, during a broader wildlife mortality event. Surface-water monitoring included nutrient analyses, in situ physicochemical measurements, phytoplankton assessment, and cyanotoxin quantification. The evaluated bird was documented alive with severe motor impairment, euthanized, and examined by gross necropsy, histopathology, and tissue toxicology. Water analyses showed elevated nutrients, persistently alkaline and highly productive conditions, marked dominance of Microcystis aeruginosa, and high concentrations of microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR, microcystin-YR, and nodularin. The bird showed marked hepatic lesions at necropsy, histopathological changes compatible with acute hepatotoxic injury, and detectable microcystin-LR in lyophilized liver tissue. Taken together, these findings support a diagnosis of probable microcystin toxicosis in this individual. This case highlights the value of waterfowl as sentinels of ecosystem health threats and underscores the importance of integrated monitoring in protected coastal wetlands potentially affected by toxic cyanobacterial blooms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13060508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T01:45:08Z","timestamp":1779673508000},"page":"508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Probable Microcystin Toxicosis in a Red-Gartered Coot (Fulica armillata) from a Protected Coastal Wetland in Central Chile\u2014A Sentinel for Toxic Cyanobacterial Bloom?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Juliana","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FaunaLab, Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FaunaLab, Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Elisa","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FaunaLab, Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9031-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7297-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 V.","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Bacigalupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Modelamiento y Perspectiva One Health (CEMPOH), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronom\u00eda, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas, Santiago 8370065, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0780-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Modelamiento y Perspectiva One Health (CEMPOH), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronom\u00eda, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas, Santiago 8370065, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1775-3853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Vida Silvestre, Servicio Agr\u00edcola y Ganadero Regi\u00f3n de O\u2019Higgins, Rancagua 2841051, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8452-5362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Foerster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inocuidad Alimentaria (LIA), Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, Ruta 90 km 3, San Fernando 3070000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4702-0821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgane","family":"Derrien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioGeoQu\u00edm Lab, Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5012-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FaunaLab, Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ash, A.K., and Patterson, S. 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